深拷贝与浅拷贝

浅拷贝指的是不同的引用指向同一个对象。
代码实现如下：

public class Teacher implements Cloneable {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

public class Student implements Cloneable {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Teacher teacher;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Teacher getTeacher() {
        return teacher;
    }

    public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }

    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Object object = super.clone();
        return object;
}

public class ShallowCopy {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
        teacher.setName("riemann");
        teacher.setAge(28);

        Student student1 = new Student();
        student1.setName("edgar");
        student1.setAge(18);
        student1.setTeacher(teacher);

        Student student2 = (Student) student1.clone();
        System.out.println("-------------拷贝后-------------");
        System.out.println(student2.getName());
        System.out.println(student2.getAge());
        System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getName());
        System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getAge());

        System.out.println("-------------修改老师的信息后-------------");
        // 修改老师的信息
        teacher.setName("jack");
        System.out.println("student1的teacher为： " + student1.getTeacher().getName());
        System.out.println("student2的teacher为： " + student2.getTeacher().getName());

        System.out.println("==========================================");
        Teacher teacher1 = student1.getTeacher();
        teacher1.setName("张三");
        System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getName());
    }
}

查看控制台的输出：

通过上述实验，我们可以发现Object类的拷贝默认是浅拷贝。当student1实例修改了name的时候，student2实例的name的值也发生了变化，因此由此可以看出来他们是使用的同一个对象。

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深拷贝指的是不同的引用指向不同的对象。
代码实现如下：

public class Teacher implements Cloneable {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
}

public class Student implements Cloneable {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Teacher teacher;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Teacher getTeacher() {
        return teacher;
    }

    public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }

    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {

        // 改为深复制：
        Student student = (Student) super.clone();
        // 本来是浅复制，现在将Teacher对象复制一份并重新set进来
        student.setTeacher((Teacher) student.getTeacher().clone());
        return student;
    }
}

public class DeepCopy {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
        teacher.setName("riemann");
        teacher.setAge(28);

        Student student1 = new Student();
        student1.setName("edgar");
        student1.setAge(18);
        student1.setTeacher(teacher);

        Student student2 = (Student) student1.clone();
        System.out.println("-------------拷贝后-------------");
        System.out.println(student2.getName());
        System.out.println(student2.getAge());
        System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getName());
        System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getAge());

        System.out.println("-------------修改老师的信息后-------------");
        // 修改老师的信息
        teacher.setName("jack");
        System.out.println("student1的teacher为： " + student1.getTeacher().getName());
        System.out.println("student2的teacher为： " + student2.getTeacher().getName());

        System.out.println("========================================================");
        Teacher teacher1 = student1.getTeacher();
        teacher1.setName("张三");
        System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getName());
    }
}

查看控制台的输出：

通过上述实验，我们可以发现当student1实例修改了name的时候，student2实例的name的值并没有发生变化，还是原来的值，因此由此可以看出来他们是使用的是不同的对象。