【Java项目学习 Day23】AJAX

童斋

已于 2022-08-03 13:55:39 修改

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文章标签：学习

于 2022-08-03 05:54:26 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_51617671/article/details/126113852

版权

【简介】

替换JSP页面：

之前后端与前端数据交换实现：

同步和异步：

【快速入门】

1. 编写AjaxServlet

        response.getWriter().write("hello,ajax");

2. 编写html

url要写全路径，因为前后端分离。如： localhost:8099/Ajax_demo/ajaxServlet

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
    //1. 创建核心对象
    var xhttp;
    if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
        xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
    } else {
        // code for IE6, IE5
        xhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
    }
    //2. 发送请求
    xhttp.open("GET", "localhost:8099/Ajax_demo/ajaxServlet", true);
    xhttp.send();
    //3. 获取相应
    xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
        if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {
            document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML =
                this.responseText;
        }
    };
</script>
</body>
</html>

【案例】

SelectUserServlet: 调用service省略。

@WebServlet("/selectUserServlet")
public class SelectUserServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //1. 接受用户名
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        //2. 调用service查询User对象
        boolean flag = true;//模拟用户名存在
        //3. 响应标记
        response.getWriter().write(""+flag);
    }

<!DOCTYPE html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>regiser</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="form-div">
    <form action="/Ajax_demo/selectUserServlet" method="post" id="reg-form">
        <table>
            <tr>
                <td>用户名</td>
                <td>
                    <input name="username" type="text" id="username">
                    <br>
                    <span id="username_err" style="display: none">用户名已存在</span>
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>密码</td>
                <td>
                    <input name="password" type="password">
                    <br>
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>验证码</td>
                <td>
                    <input name="checkCode" type="checkCode">
                    <img id="checkCodeImage" src="/Ajax_demo/checkCodeServlet">
                    <a href="register.jsp" id="changeImg">看不清？</a>
                    <br>
                </td>
            </tr>
        </table>

        <div>
            <input type="submit"value="注册">
        </div>
    </form>
</div>
<script>
    //1. 给用户名输入框绑定一个 失去焦点事件
    document.getElementById("username").onblur = function (){
        //2. 发送agax请求
        //获取用户名的值
        var username = this.value;
        //2.1. 创建核心对象
        var xhttp;
        if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
            xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
        } else {
            // code for IE6, IE5
            xhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
        }
        //2.2. 发送请求
        xhttp.open("GET", "http://localhost:8081/Ajax_demo/selectUserServlet?username="+username, true);
        xhttp.send();
        //2.3. 获取相应
        xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
            if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {
                //判断
                if (this.responseText == "true"){
                    //用户名存在，显示提示信息
                    document.getElementById("username_err").style.display = '';
                }else {
                    //用户名不存在，清除之前的提示信息
                    document.getElementById("username_err").style.display = 'none';
                }
            }
        };
    }
</script>
</body>
</html>

【Axios异步框架】

axios的js文件：

/* axios v0.18.0 | (c) 2018 by Matt Zabriskie */
!function(e,t){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof module?module.exports=t():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define([],t):"object"==typeof exports?exports.axios=t():e.axios=t()}(this,function(){return function(e){function t(r){if(n[r])return n[r].exports;var o=n[r]={exports:{},id:r,loaded:!1};return e[r].call(o.exports,o,o.exports,t),o.loaded=!0,o.exports}var n={};return t.m=e,t.c=n,t.p="",t(0)}([function(e,t,n){e.exports=n(1)},function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e){var t=new s(e),n=i(s.prototype.request,t);return o.extend(n,s.prototype,t),o.extend(n,t),n}var o=n(2),i=n(3),s=n(5),u=n(6),a=r(u);a.Axios=s,a.create=function(e){return r(o.merge(u,e))},a.Cancel=n(23),a.CancelToken=n(24),a.isCancel=n(20),a.all=function(e){return Promise.all(e)},a.spread=n(25),e.exports=a,e.exports.default=a},function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e){return"[object Array]"===R.call(e)}function o(e){return"[object ArrayBuffer]"===R.call(e)}function i(e){return"undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData}function s(e){var t;return t="undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&ArrayBuffer.isView?ArrayBuffer.isView(e):e&&e.buffer&&e.buffer instanceof ArrayBuffer}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e}function a(e){return"number"==typeof e}function c(e){return"undefined"==typeof e}function f(e){return null!==e&&"object"==typeof e}function p(e){return"[object Date]"===R.call(e)}function d(e){return"[object File]"===R.call(e)}function l(e){return"[object Blob]"===R.call(e)}function h(e){return"[object Function]"===R.call(e)}function m(e){return f(e)&&h(e.pipe)}function y(e){return"undefined"!=typeof URLSearchParams&&e instanceof URLSearchParams}function w(e){return e.replace(/^\s*/,"").replace(/\s*$/,"")}function g(){return("undefined"==typeof navigator||"ReactNative"!==navigator.product)&&("undefined"!=typeof window&&"undefined"!=typeof document)}function v(e,t){if(null!==e&&"undefined"!=typeof e)if("object"!=typeof e&&(e=[e]),r(e))for(var n=0,o=e.length;n<o;n++)t.call(null,e[n],n,e);else for(var i in e)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,i)&&t.call(null,e[i],i,e)}function x(){function e(e,n){"object"==typeof t[n]&&"object"==typeof e?t[n]=x(t[n],e):t[n]=e}for(var t={},n=0,r=arguments.length;n<r;n++)v(arguments[n],e);return t}function b(e,t,n){return v(t,function(t,r){n&&"function"==typeof t?e[r]=E(t,n):e[r]=t}),e}var E=n(3),C=n(4),R=Object.prototype.toString;e.exports={isArray:r,isArrayBuffer:o,isBuffer:C,isFormData:i,isArrayBufferView:s,isString:u,isNumber:a,isObject:f,isUndefined:c,isDate:p,isFile:d,isBlob:l,isFunction:h,isStream:m,isURLSearchParams:y,isStandardBrowserEnv:g,forEach:v,merge:x,extend:b,trim:w}},function(e,t){"use strict";e.exports=function(e,t){return function(){for(var n=new Array(arguments.length),r=0;r<n.length;r++)n[r]=arguments[r];return e.apply(t,n)}}},function(e,t){function n(e){return!!e.constructor&&"function"==typeof e.constructor.isBuffer&&e.constructor.isBuffer(e)}function r(e){return"function"==typeof e.readFloatLE&&"function"==typeof e.slice&&n(e.slice(0,0))}/*!
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o=n(23);r.prototype.throwIfRequested=function(){if(this.reason)throw this.reason},r.source=function(){var e,t=new r(function(t){e=t});return{token:t,cancel:e}},e.exports=r},function(e,t){"use strict";e.exports=function(e){return function(t){return e.apply(null,t)}}}])});
//# sourceMappingURL=axios.min.map

AxiosServlet：

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("get...");

        //1. 接收请求参数
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);

        //2. 响应数据
        response.getWriter().write("hello,axios");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("post...");
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }

02-ajax-demo.html：

<script src="js/axios-0.18.0.js"></script>

<script>
/*    //1. get
    axios({
        method:"get",
        url:"http://localhost:8081/Ajax_demo/axiosServlet?username=zhangsan"
    }).then(function (resp){
        alert(resp.data);
    })*/
//2. post
axios({
    method:"post",
    url:"http://localhost:8081/Ajax_demo/axiosServlet",
    data:"username=zhangsan"
}).then(function (resp){
    alert(resp.data);
})
</script>

【请求方式别名】

/*//1. get
axios.get("http://localhost:8081/Ajax_demo/axiosServlet?username=zhangsan").then(function (resp){
    alert(resp.data);
})*/
//2. post
axios.post("http://localhost:8081/Ajax_demo/axiosServlet","username=zhangsan").then(function (resp){
    alert(resp.data);
})

【JSON】

【简介】

【基础语法】

【JSON数据和Java对象的转换】

        //1. 将java对象转化为JSON字符串
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1);
        user.setUsername("zxc");
        user.setPassword("123");
        String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(user);
        System.out.println(jsonString);

        //2. 将JSON字符串转为Java对象
        User user1 = JSON.parseObject("{\"id\":1,\"password\":\"123\",\"username\":\"zxc\"}", User.class);
        System.out.println(user1);

【案例】

【查询所有】

使用Axios和JSON查询品牌数据。

SelectAllServlet：

    private BrandService service = new BrandService();

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1. 调用BrandService完成查询
        List<Brand> brands = service.selectAll();
        //2. 将集合转换为JSON数据      序列化
        String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(brands);
        //3. 响应数据
        response.setContentType("text/json;charset=utf-8");//处理数据
        response.getWriter().write(jsonString);
    }

brand.html:

<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" value="新增" id="add"><br>
<hr>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" width="80%" id="brandTable">
</table>
<script>
    document.getElementById("add").onclick = function (){
        location.href = "/Ajax_demo/addBrand.jsp";
    }
</script>
<script src="js/axios-0.18.0.js"></script>
<script>
    //1. 当页面加载完成后发送ajax请求，onload是当整个页面加载完成之后就会触发这个事件
    window.onload = function () {
        axios({
            method: "get",
            url: "http://localhost:8081/Ajax_demo/selectAllServlet"
        }).then(function (resp) {
            //获取数据，处理响应的数据
            let brands = resp.data;
            let tableData = "<tr>\\n\" +\n" +
                "                \"        <td>序号</td>\\n\" +\n" +
                "                \"        <td>品牌名称</td>\\n\" +\n" +
                "                \"        <td>企业名称</td>\\n\" +\n" +
                "                \"        <td>排序</td>\\n\" +\n" +
                "                \"        <td>品牌介绍</td>\\n\" +\n" +
                "                \"        <td>状态</td>\\n\" +\n" +
                "                \"        <td>操作</td>\\n\" +\n" +
                "                \"    </tr>\"";
            for (let i = 0;i < brands.length;i ++){
                let brand = brands[i];
                tableData += "    <tr>\n" +
                    "        <td>"+(i+1)+"</td>\n" +
                    "        <td>"+brand.brand_name+"</td>\n" +
                    "        <td>"+brand.company_name+"</td>\n" +
                    "        <td>"+brand.ordered+"</td>\n" +
                    "        <td>"+brand.description+"</td>\n" +
                    "        <td>"+brand.status+"</td>\n" +
                    "    \n" +
                    "    <td><a href=\"#\">修改</a><a href=\"#\">删除</a> </td>" +
                    "    </tr>";
                document.getElementById("brandTable").innerHTML = tableData;
            }
        })
    }
</script>
</body>
</html>

【新增品牌】

request.getParameter接收不了JSON数据，接收显示为null。getParameter内部实现的方式就是字符串切割，遇到and或==切割。但是JAON字符串没有==和and，组成格式不一样。

String brand_name = request.getParameter("brand_name");//接收不到

要获取请求体来读取数据。

        BufferedReader br = request.getReader();
        String params = br.readLine();

AddServlet：

    private BrandService service = new BrandService();
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1. 接收数据， request.getParameter接收不了JSON数据
        //获取请求体数据
        BufferedReader br = request.getReader();
        String params = br.readLine();
        //将Json字符串转成Java对象
        Brand brand = JSON.parseObject(params, Brand.class);
        System.out.println(brand);
        //2. 调用service添加
        service.add(brand);
        //3. 相响应成功标识
        response.getWriter().write("success");
    }

addBrand.jsp:

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>添加品牌</h3>
<form action="/brand_demo/addServlet" method="post>">
    品牌名称：<input name="brand_name" id="brand_name"><br>
    企业名称：<input name="company_name" id="company_name"><br>
    排序：<input name="ordered" id="ordered"><br>
    描述信息：<textarea rows="5" cols="20" name="description" id="description"></textarea><br>
    状态：
    <input type="radio" name="status" value="0">禁用
    <input type="radio" name="status" value="1">启用<br>
    <input id="btn" type="button" value="提交">
</form>
<script src="js/axios-0.18.0.js"></script>
<script>
    //1. 给btn按钮绑定单击事件
    document.getElementById("btn").onclick = function () {
        //将表单的数据转为JSON
        var formdata = {
            brand_name: "",
            company_name:"",
            ordered:"",
            description:"",
            status:""
        };
        //获取表单数据
        let brand_name = document.getElementById("brand_name").value;//获取数据
        formdata.brand_name = brand_name;//设置数据
        let company_name = document.getElementById("company_name").value;//获取数据
        formdata.company_name = company_name;//设置数据
        let ordered = document.getElementById("ordered").value;//获取数据
        formdata.ordered = ordered;//设置数据
        let description = document.getElementById("description").value;//获取数据
        formdata.description = description;//设置数据

        let status = document.getElementsByName("status");
        for (let i = 0; i < status.length;i++ ) {
            if (status[i].checked){
                //
                formdata.status = status[i].value;
            }

        };
        console.log(formdata);
        //2. 发送ajax请求
        axios({
            method:"post",
            url:"http://localhost:8081/Ajax_demo/addServlet",
            data:formdata
        }).then(function (resp) {
            //判断响应数据是否为success
            if (resp.data == "success"){
                location.href = "http://localhost:8081/Ajax_demo/brand.html";
            }
        })
    }
</script>
</body>
</html>