7.1 函数input()的工作原理

7.1.1 编写清晰的程序

例：

message = input("Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: ")
print(message)

函数input接受一个参数：即向用户显示的提示或说明。上述代码的运行结果如下：

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: Hello everyone!

同理，有例子：

prompt = "If you tell us who you are, we can personalize the message you see."
prompt += "\nWhat is your first name?"

name = input(prompt)
print("\nHello, " + name + "!")

7.1.2 使用int()来获取数值输入

height = input("How  tall are you, in inches?")
height = int(height)

if height >= 36:
	print("\nYou're tall enough to ride!")
else:
	print("\nYou'll be able to ride when you're a little older.")

在该程序中，我们在输入height后，Python将这个数字解读为一个字符串。但随后int()将这个字符串转换为了数值表示。将数值输入用于计算和比较前，务必将其转换为数值表示。

7.1.3 求模运算符

例：
number = input("Enter a number, and I’ll tell you if it’s even or odd: ")
number = int(number)

if number % 2 == 0:
print("\nThe number " + str(number) + " is even.")
else:
print("\nThe number " + str(number) + " is odd.")