k8s之label Label Selector Deployment（三）

Label

它的作用就是在资源上添加标识，用来对它们进行区分和选择
通过Label实现资源的多维度分组，以便灵活、方便地进行资源分配、调度、配置、部署等管理工作。

Label 的特点

• 一个Label会以key/value键值对的形式附加到各种对象上，如Node、Pod、Service等等
• 一个资源对象可以定义任意数量的Label ，同一个Label也可以被添加到任意数量的资源对象上去
• Label通常在资源对象定义时确定，当然也可以在对象创建后动态添加或者删除

一些常用的Label 示例如下：

• 版本标签：“version”:“release”, “version”:“stable”…
• 环境签：“environment”:“dev”，“environment”:“test”，“environment”:“pro”
• 架构标签：“tier”:“frontend”，“tier”:“backend”

Label Selector

标签定义完毕之后，还要考虑到标签的选择，这就要使用到Label Selector，即：

Label用于给某个资源对象定义标识

Label Selector用于查询和筛选拥有某些标签的资源对象

当前有两种Label Selector：

• 基于等式的Label Selector
  name = slave: 选择所有包含Label中key="name"且value="slave"的对象
  env != production: 选择所有包括Label中的key="env"且value不等于"production"的对象

• 基于集合的Label Selector
  name in (master, slave): 选择所有包含Label中的key="name"且value="master"或"slave"的对象
  name not in (frontend): 选择所有包含Label中的key="name"且value不等于"frontend"的对象

标签的选择条件可以使用多个，此时将多个Label Selector进行组合，使用逗号","进行分隔即可。例如：

name=slave，env!=production
name not in (frontend)，env!=production

为pod资源打标签

[root@master ~]# kubectl  create ns dev
namespace/dev created
[root@master ~]# kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --port=80 -n dev
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl run --generator=run-pod/v1 or kubectl create instead.
deployment.apps/nginx created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n dev
NAME                     READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-5578584966-7sdzc   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          9s
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n dev
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-5578584966-7sdzc   1/1     Running   0          19s
[root@master ~]# kubectl label pods nginx-5578584966-7sdzc version=1.0 -n dev
pod/nginx-5578584966-7sdzc labeled

为Pod更新标签

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods nginx-5578584966-7sdzc -n dev --show-labels
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     LABELS
nginx-5578584966-7sdzc   1/1     Running   0          2m57s   pod-template-hash=5578584966,run=nginx,version=1.0
[root@master ~]# kubectl label pods nginx-5578584966-7sdzc version=2.0 -n dev --overwrite
pod/nginx-5578584966-7sdzc labeled

查看标签

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods nginx-5578584966-7sdzc -n dev --show-labels
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     LABELS
nginx-5578584966-7sdzc   1/1     Running   0          4m33s   pod-template-hash=5578584966,run=nginx,version=2.0

筛选标签

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -n dev -l version=2.0  --show-labels
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     LABELS
nginx-5578584966-7sdzc   1/1     Running   0          6m45s   pod-template-hash=5578584966,run=nginx,version=2.0
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -n dev -l version!=1.0 --show-labels
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     LABELS
nginx-5578584966-7sdzc   1/1     Running   0          7m26s   pod-template-hash=5578584966,run=nginx,version=2.0

删除标签

[root@master ~]# kubectl label pods nginx-5578584966-7sdzc -n dev version-
pod/nginx-5578584966-7sdzc labeled
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods nginx-5578584966-7sdzc -n dev  --show-labels
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     LABELS
nginx-5578584966-7sdzc   1/1     Running   0          8m43s   pod-template-hash=5578584966,run=nginx

yaml配置方式

[root@master ~]# cat label-nginx.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
 name: nginx-label
 namespace: dev
 labels:
   version: "3.0"
   env: test
spec:
 containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx:latest
    ports:
     - name: nginx-port
       containerPort: 80
       protocol: TCP

[root@master ~]# kubectl create -f label-nginx.yaml
pod/nginx-label created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n dev
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-5578584966-7sdzc   1/1     Running   0          14m
nginx-label              1/1     Running   0          19s
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f label-nginx.yaml
pod "nginx-label" deleted
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n dev
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-5578584966-7sdzc   1/1     Running   0          14m
## 查看Pod的标签
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod nginx-label -n dev --show-labels
NAME          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   LABELS
nginx-label   1/1     Running   0          41s   env=test,version=3.0

Deployment

Pod是最小的控制单元，但是kubernetes很少直接控制Pod，一般都是通过Pod控制器来完成的。Pod控制器用于pod的管理，确保pod资源符合预期的状态，当pod的资源出现故障时，会尝试进行重启或重建pod

命令格式: kubectl create deployment 名称 [参数]
命令操作

# --image  指定pod的镜像
# --port   指定端口
# --replicas  指定创建pod数量（副本）
# --namespace（-n）  指定namespace
[root@master ~]# kubectl run nginx  --image=nginx:latest --port=80 --replicas=3 -n dev
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl run --generator=run-pod/v1 or kubectl create instead.
deployment.apps/nginx created
# 查看创建的Pod
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n dev
NAME                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-dd6b5d745-489bm   1/1     Running   0          85s
nginx-dd6b5d745-qfd6h   1/1     Running   0          85s
nginx-dd6b5d745-tck6d   1/1     Running   0          85s
# 查看创建这个Pod的控制器

# UP-TO-DATE：成功升级的副本数量
# AVAILABLE：可用副本的数量
[root@master ~]# kubectl get deployment -n dev
NAME    READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx   3/3     3            3           96s
# 查看deployment的详细信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl get deployment -n dev
NAME    READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx   3/3     3            3           96s
[root@master ~]# kubectl describe deploy nginx -n dev
Name:                   nginx
Namespace:              dev
CreationTimestamp:      Mon, 09 May 2022 14:37:53 +0800
Labels:                 run=nginx
Annotations:            deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: 1
Selector:               run=nginx
Replicas:               3 desired | 3 updated | 3 total | 3 available | 0 unavailable
StrategyType:           RollingUpdate
MinReadySeconds:        0
RollingUpdateStrategy:  25% max unavailable, 25% max surge
Pod Template:
  Labels:  run=nginx
  Containers:
   nginx:
    Image:        nginx:latest
    Port:         80/TCP
    Host Port:    0/TCP
    Environment:  <none>
    Mounts:       <none>
  Volumes:        <none>
Conditions:
  Type           Status  Reason
  ----           ------  ------
  Available      True    MinimumReplicasAvailable
  Progressing    True    NewReplicaSetAvailable
OldReplicaSets:  <none>
NewReplicaSet:   nginx-dd6b5d745 (3/3 replicas created)
Events:
  Type    Reason             Age    From                   Message
  ----    ------             ----   ----                   -------
  Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  2m54s  deployment-controller  Scaled up replica set nginx-dd6b5d745 to 3
  # 删除这个控制器。pod也会被删除
  [root@master ~]# kubectl delete deployment nginx -n dev
deployment.apps "nginx" deleted
[root@master ~]# kubectl get deployment -n dev
No resources found in dev namespace.
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n dev
No resources found in dev namespace.

yaml文件配置操作

[root@master ~]# cat deploy-nginx.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
 name: deploy-nginx
 namespace: dev
spec:
 replicas: 3
 selector:
  matchLabels:
   run: deploy-nginx
 template:
  metadata:
   labels:
     run: deploy-nginx
  spec:
        containers:
        - name: nginx
          image: nginx
          ports:
                - name: nginx-port
                  containerPort: 80
                  protocol: TCP

[root@master ~]# kubectl create -f deploy-nginx.yaml
error: error validating "deploy-nginx.yaml": error validating data: ValidationError(Deployment.spec): unknown field "reolicas" in io.k8s.api.apps.v1.DeploymentSpec; if you choose to ignore these errors, turn validation off with --validate=false
[root@master ~]# vim deploy-nginx.yaml
[root@master ~]# kubectl create -f deploy-nginx.yaml ml
deployment.apps/deploy-nginx created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get deployment -n dev
NAME           READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deploy-nginx   2/3     3            2           26s
[root@master ~]# kubectl get deployment -n dev
NAME           READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deploy-nginx   3/3     3            3           39s
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n dev
NAME                            READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
deploy-nginx-58d84955cb-f4fqg   1/1     Running   0          44s
deploy-nginx-58d84955cb-mrrw6   1/1     Running   0          44s
deploy-nginx-58d84955cb-nsktx   1/1     Running   0          44s
# 删除
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f deploy-nginx.yaml
deployment.apps "deploy-nginx" deleted