SpringBoot实现责任链模式

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前言

类似现实生活中铁链，由一个个铁环首尾相接构成一条链，如果这种结构用在编程领域，则每个节点可以看做一个对象，每个对象有不同的处理逻辑，将一个请求从链的首端发出，沿着链的路径依次传递每个节点对象，直到有对象处理这个请求为止。

一、责任链模式简介

责任链模式(Chain of Responsibility Pattern),顾名思义,为请求者和接受者之间创建一条对象处理链路,避免请求发送者与接收者耦合在一起。

二、代码实现

场景：订单支付过程，进行鉴权检验、参数检验、余额检验等等

1.定义一个支付订单表单类

@Data
public class PayOrderForm {

    // token
    private String token;
    // 订单ID
    private String orderId;
    // 金额
    private BigDecimal amount;

}

2.定义一个支付接口

public interface PayOrderService {

    boolean payOrder(PayOrderForm payOrderForm);

}

3.定义责任链节点处理类

通过@Order注解对每个节点的执行优先进行排序

3.1鉴权处理

@Order(0)
@Component
public class AuthPayOrderChainFilter implements PayOrderService {

    @Override
    public boolean payOrder(PayOrderForm payOrderForm) {
        if (!"token".equals(payOrderForm.getToken())) {
            System.out.println("token不合法");
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

}

3.2参数处理

@Order(1)
@Component
public class ParamsPayOrderChainFilter implements PayOrderService {

    @Override
    public boolean payOrder(PayOrderForm payOrderForm) {
        if (StrUtil.isBlank(payOrderForm.getOrderId())) {
            System.out.println("订单ID不能为空");
            return false;
        }
        if (ObjectUtil.isNull(payOrderForm.getAmount())) {
            System.out.println("金额不能为空");
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

}

3.3余额处理

@Order(2)
@Component
public class BalancePayOrderChainFilter implements PayOrderService {

    @Override
    public boolean payOrder(PayOrderForm payOrderForm) {
        // 查询余额
        System.out.println("余额检验通过");
        return true;
    }

}

4.定义责任链处理类

通过@Autowired注解注入PayOrderService列表，SpringBoot会自动将实现改接口的类加入列表

@Component
public class PayOrderChainProcessor {

    @Autowired
    private List<PayOrderService> payOrderServices;

    public void handlePayOrder(PayOrderForm payOrderForm) {
        for (PayOrderService payOrderService : payOrderServices) {
            boolean payOrder = payOrderService.payOrder(payOrderForm);
            if (!payOrder) break;
        }
    }

}

5.测试

@Autowired
private PayOrderChainProcessor payOrderChainProcessor;

@Test
public void test() {
	PayOrderForm payOrderForm = new PayOrderForm();
    payOrderChainProcessor.handlePayOrder(payOrderForm);

    System.out.println("=========添加token===========");

    // 添加token
    payOrderForm.setToken("token");
    payOrderChainProcessor.handlePayOrder(payOrderForm);

    System.out.println("==========添加订单ID与金额==========");

    // 添加订单ID与金额
    payOrderForm.setOrderId("order1");
    payOrderForm.setAmount(new BigDecimal(100));
    payOrderChainProcessor.handlePayOrder(payOrderForm);
}

输出：

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总结

多个对象可以处理同一个请求,但具体由哪个对象处理则在运行时动态决定。
在请求处理者不明确的情况下向对个对象中的一个提交一个请求。