Strings - can also invoke properties and methods | 字符串 - 也是可以调用属性和方法

Reason: When a computer processes a string, it first temporarily wraps the string as an instance of the string object, like `var str2 = new String(str1);`. This `str2` string object instance can then be used to invoke various methods, such as `str2.slice(3, 6);`. Afterward, the computer disposes of this temporarily wrapped `str2` by setting it to `null`.

Characteristics: All methods of string objects do not modify the original string itself; they only return a new string after the operation is complete.

Commonly Used String Properties and Methods in the Workplace:

- `.length` - String length
- `.charAt(index)` - Returns the character at the specified index.
- `.indexOf(x)` - Returns the first occurrence position of `x` in the original string; returns -1 if not found.
- `.concat()` - Concatenates strings.
- `.split("")` - Splits a string into an array of characters.
- `.toLowerCase()` - Converts all characters to lowercase.
- `.toUpperCase()` - Converts all characters to uppercase.
- `.slice(start, end)` - String slicing, extracts characters from `start` to `end`, where `start` is inclusive and `end` is exclusive.
- `.substr(start, numbers)` - String extraction, retrieves a substring of a specified length from the beginning.
- `.substring(start, end)` - String extraction, extracts characters from `start` to `end`, where `start` is inclusive and `end` is exclusive.

Difference between `slice` and `substring`:

const str = "Hello, World";

const sliced = str.slice(-5);        // 返回 "World"，从末尾开始提取
const substringed = str.substring(-5); // 返回 "Hello"，负数索引被视为0

const str = "Hello, World";

const sliced = str.slice(0, 5);        // 返回 "Hello"
const substringed = str.substring(0, 5); // 返回 "Hello"

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原因 ： 计算机工作时先将字符串进行一个临时包装 var str2 = new String（str1）; 那么这个str2 字符串对象实例有很多方法可以调用， 比如str2.slice(3,6)； 然后计算机再将临时包装的这个str2销毁 str2 = null；

特点：字符串对象的所有方法，都不会修改字符串本身，只会在操作完成后返回新的字符串。

工作中常用字符串属性和方法：

.length  -  字符串长度

.chatAt(index)  -  返回指定下标index位置的方法

.indexOf(x)  -  在原始字符串中首次出现x的位置，没有返回-1

.concat()  -  字符串拼接

.split("")  -  分割字符串成一个数组[,,,,]

.toLowerCase()  -  所有字符转小写

.toUpperCase()  -  所有字符转大写

.slice(start,end)  -  字符串截取，从start截取到end，左闭右开

.substr(start,numbers)  -  字符串截取，从开始位置截取到指定长度字符串

.substring(start,end)  -  字符串截取，从start截取到end，左闭右开

slice与substring区别：

const str = "Hello, World";

const sliced = str.slice(0, 5);        // 返回 "Hello"
const substringed = str.substring(0, 5); // 返回 "Hello"

const str = "Hello, World";

const sliced = str.slice(-5);        // 返回 "World"，从末尾开始提取
const substringed = str.substring(-5); // 返回 "Hello"，负数索引被视为0