exec()函数族的分支l,lp,v,vp

注：Linux进程 11

一、exec()函数

// int execlp(const char *file, const char *arg, …);
// int execl(const char *path, const char *arg, …);
// int execv(const char *path, char *const argv[]);
// int execvp(const char *file, char *const argv[]);

• execl()
• execlp()
• execvp
• execv

二、代码

1.execl()

code:seek.c

指令:gcc seek.c -o one

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(int agrc,char **agrv)
{
        int i=0;
        for(i=0;i<agrc;i++){
                printf("agrv[%d]=%s\n",i,agrv[i]);
        }

        return 0;
}

code：demonew18.c

CLC@Embed_Learn:~/LinuxLearn/PID$ cat demonew18.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
//       int execl(const char *path, const char *arg, ...);
int main()
{
	printf("execl funtion before\n");
	//****若不加NULL，ERROR。
	if(execl("./one","./one","aa","bb",NULL) == -1){
		printf("Not Find File\n");
		perror("ERROR Reason:");
	}
	printf("SEEK!!!\n");
	return 0;
}

执行的结果：

CLC@Embed_Learn:~/LinuxLearn/PID$ ./a.out
execl funtion before
agrv[0]=./one
agrv[1]=aa
agrv[2]=bb
CLC@Embed_Learn:~/LinuxLearn/PID$ ./one aa bb
agrv[0]=./one
agrv[1]=aa
agrv[2]=bb
CLC@Embed_Learn:~/LinuxLearn/PID$ ./a.out
execl funtion before
agrv[0]=./one
agrv[1]=aa
agrv[2]=bb
CLC@Embed_Learn:~/LinuxLearn/PID$ ./one aa bb
agrv[0]=./one
agrv[1]=aa
agrv[2]=bb

code:demo19.c( 利用exec执行（ls -l 或者 ps））

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main()
{
        printf("execl funtion before\n");
        if(execl("/bin/ls","ls","-l",NULL) == -1){
                printf("Not Find File\n");
                perror("ERROR Reason:");
        }
/*      if(execl("/bin/ps","ps",NULL) == -1){
                printf("Not Find File\n");
                perror("ERROR Reason:");
        }*/
        printf("SEEK!!!\n");
        return 0;
}

2.execlp()

代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
//      int execlp(const char *file, const char *arg, ...);
//       int execl(const char *path, const char *arg, ...);
int main()
{
        printf("NOW TIME:\n");
        if(execlp("date","date",NULL) == -1){
                printf("Not Find File\n");
                perror("ERROR Reason:");
        }
        printf("SEEK!!!\n");
        return 0;
}

3.execvp

代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main()
{
        printf("NOW TIME:\n");
        char *argv[]={"data",NULL};
        if(execvp("date",argv) == -1){
                printf("Not Find File\n");
                perror("ERROR Reason:");
        }
        printf("SEEK!!!\n");
        return 0;
}

4.execv()

代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
//      int execv(const char *path, char *const argv[]);
//      int execvp(const char *file, char *const argv[]);
int main()
{
        printf("NOW TIME:\n");
        char *argv[]={"data",NULL};
        if(execv("/bin/date",argv) == -1){
                printf("Not Find File\n");
                perror("ERROR Reason:");
        }
        printf("SEEK!!!\n");
        return 0;
}

三、小结

它们之间的区别在于const char *file和const char *path。path需要找到文件所在的绝对路径，而file不需要。

指令：

• echo $PATH //当前环境变量
• whereis ls //找到ls的绝对路径
• cd - // 返回上一次路径