SpringMVC(二)--注解开发

一、SpringMVC的注解开发

1.1创建项目

1.2完善项目

1.3导入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.wangxing.springwebmvc2</groupId>
  <artifactId>Spring-Web-MVC2</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>Spring-Web-MVC2 Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>

    <!-- 配置开发SpringMVC所以来的jar包 -->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- 配置ServletAPI依赖 -->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.0.1</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!--配置JSP依赖包-->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp/javax.servlet.jsp-api -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.2.1</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!--配置JSTL的依赖-->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/jstl -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>Spring-Web-MVC2</finalName>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

1.4配置web.xml

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

1.5配置SpringMVC配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!--开启注解-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
    <!--配置自动扫描包-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.wangxing.springmvc.controller"></context:component-scan>
    <!--配置识图视图解析器-->
    <!--org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">

        <property name="prefix" value="/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=""></property>
    </bean>


</beans>

1.6创建控制器

package com.wangxing.springmvc.controller;

import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
//@RequestMapping("/*hello")
//@RequestMapping(value = "/?hello")
//    @RequestMapping(value = "/**/hello")
public class HelloController {
    /*' ?'  匹配任何单字符
      '  * ' 匹配任意数量的字符
      ' ** ' 匹配多个路径
    * */
//    @RequestMapping(value = "/?test1.do")
//    @RequestMapping("/*test1.do")
    @RequestMapping(value = "/test1.do", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public ModelAndView testRequest(){
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();

        modelAndView.addObject("info","hello,wangxing");
        modelAndView.setViewName("forward:test.jsp");
//        modelAndView.setViewName("redirect:test.jsp");
        return modelAndView;
    }


}

//http://localhost:8080/springmvc2/ahello/atest1.do
//http://localhost:8080/springmvc2/abchello/abctest1.do
//http://localhost:8080/springmvc2/abc/hello/def/test1.do
//http://localhost:8080/springmvc2/hello/test1.do

二、@Controller注解

@Controller---表示我们所编写的java类是一个处理请求的控制器类。

              只能作用在java类。

              可以使用@Component去代替,在javaweb程序中是分层出来的为了表名java类是一个控制器,我们才使用@Controller

@Controller中包含有@Component。

@Controller与我们在spring中学习的@Service和@Repository将应用程序标记为不同的层。

数据访问层------@Repository

业务访问层------@Service

Web层【控制层】----@Controller

webapp------------静态资源

三、@RequestMapping

设置控制器类/请求处理方法的访问路径的

@RequestMapping可以作用在java类上,表示配置这个java类的访问路径;

如果控制器类中没有@RequestMapping("/hello"),那么我们要访问请求处理方法就可以直接使用请求处理方法上@RequestMapping("/test1.do")的访问路径。

@RequestMapping也可以作用在请求处理方法上,表示配置这个请求处理方法的访问路径。

  @RequestMapping的常用的属性

      1.value表示设置访问路径[可以省略]  

        @RequestMapping(value = "/test1.do")

           可以省略

          @RequestMapping("/test1.do")

          设置访问路径的时候可以设置通配符

          ? : 匹配任何单字符 

        例如:@RequestMapping("/?hello.test")

                  http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/atest1.do

                 http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/test1.do //错误

                http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/hhhtest1.do //错误

         *  : 匹配任意数量的字符

         例如:@RequestMapping("/*hello.test")

             http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/test1.do

             http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/wtest1.do

             http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/wwwtest1.do

        例如:@RequestMapping("/*/hello.test")

            http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/w/test1.do

           http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/www/test1.do

            http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/test1.do  //错误

           http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/hhhh/www/test1.do  //错误

** : 匹配多个路径

     例如:@RequestMapping("/**/hello.test")

         http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/test1.do

         http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/w/test1.do

         http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/www/test1.do

         http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/hhh/www/test1.do

2.method--限制请求的访问方式【GET、POST.....】

表现形式:@RequestMapping(value = "/login.do",method = RequestMethod.POST )

Index.jsp

<%@page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<html>
<body>
  <form action="test1.do" method="get">
    <input type="submit" value="测试Method属性"/>
  </form>
</body>
</html>
package com.wangxing.springmvc.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Controller
public class HelloController{
    @RequestMapping(value = "/test1.do",method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public ModelAndView  testRequest(){
        ModelAndView  mav=new ModelAndView();
        mav.addObject("info","hello,网星软件");
        mav.setViewName("test.jsp");
        return  mav;
    }
}

     将index.jsp页面中的表单提交放射修改成post即可成功。

  只能处理get请求

       @RequestMapping(value = "/gethello.do",method = RequestMethod.GET)
       @GetMapping(value = "/gethello.do")

  只能处理post请求

      @RequestMapping(value = "/gethello.do",method = RequestMethod.POST)
      @PostMapping(value = "/gethello.do")

四、请求处理方法接收请求参数值

1.@PathVariable 定义在方法上获取请求url路径上的参数数据

例如:

请求处理方法:

package com.wangxing.springmvc3.controller.test1;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

/**
 * @PathVariable 定义在方法上获取请求url路径上的参数数据
 * http://localhost:8080/demo3/test/testPathVariable/zhangsan/123456/23/xian
 * web.xml文件的中央中央控制的<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
 * */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class TestController {

    @RequestMapping("/testPathVariable/{username}/{password}/{age}/{address}.do")
    public void testPathVariable(@PathVariable("username") String name,
                                 @PathVariable("password") String pass,
                                 @PathVariable("age") String age,
                                 @PathVariable("address") String address
    ){
        System.out.println("name=="+name);
        System.out.println("pass=="+pass);
        System.out.println("age=="+age);
        System.out.println("address=="+address);

    }

}

http请求:http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/get1/zhangsan/123456

注意:web.xml文件的中央中央控制的<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>

2.@RequestParam  定义在方法上,获取请求中通过key=value方式传递的参数数据

例如:

请求处理方法

package com.wangxing.springmvc3.controller.test2;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello")
public class controller2 {
    /**
     * @RequestParam 定义在方法上,获取请求中通过key=value方式传递的参数数据
     * 无论是get请求/post请求都可以使用
     */
    @RequestMapping("/testRequestParam.do")
    public void testRequestParam(@RequestParam("username") String name, @RequestParam("password") String pass, String age, String address){
        System.out.println("username=="+name);
        System.out.println("password=="+pass);
        System.out.println("age=="+age);
        System.out.println("address=="+address);

    }
}

http请求:http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/testRequestParam.do?username=lisi&password=000000

web.xml文件的中央中央控制器的<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>

请求处理方法:@RequestMapping(value = "/testRequestParam.do",method = RequestMethod.GET)
http请求:http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/testRequestParam.do?username=lisi&password=000000

3.在请求处理方法中定义对应参数变量,参数变量的名称与页面元素的name属性值相同

例如:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="./my/testReqParam.do" method="post">
    用户名:<input type="text" name="username" /><br>
    密码:<input type="password" name="password" /><br>
    年龄:<input type="text" name="age" /><br>
    地址:<input type="text" name="address" /><br>
    <input type="submit" value="提交" /><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
package com.wangxing.springmvc3.controller.test3;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/my")
public class MyController {
    /**
     * 4.在请求处理方法中定义对应参数变量,参数变量的名称与页面元素的name属性值相同
     *
     */
    @RequestMapping("/testReqParam.do")
    public void testReqReqParam(String username,String password,String myage,String myaddress){
        System.out.println("username=="+username);
        System.out.println("password=="+password);
        System.out.println("myage=="+myage);
        System.out.println("myaddress=="+myaddress);
    }
}

4.将需要提交的请求参数值封装到java对象中【java对象的成员变量的名称一定要与页面元素的name属性值相同

 

例如:

package com.wangxing.springmvc3.controller.test4.personbean;

import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;

import java.util.Date;

public class UserBean {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private int myage;
    private String myaddress;
    @DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd")
    private Date day;

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public int getMyage() {
        return myage;
    }

    public void setMyage(int myage) {
        this.myage = myage;
    }

    public String getMyaddress() {
        return myaddress;
    }

    public void setMyaddress(String myaddress) {
        this.myaddress = myaddress;
    }

    public Date getDay() {
        return day;
    }

    public void setDay(Date day) {
        this.day = day;
    }
}
package com.wangxing.springmvc3.controller.test4.controller;

import com.wangxing.springmvc3.controller.test4.personbean.UserBean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Controller
public class controller {
    /**
     * 将需要提交的请求参数值封装进java对象中
     * 【java对象的成员变量的名称一定要与页面元素中name的属性值相同】
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/testUserBean.do")
    public void getReqParam(UserBean userBean){
        System.out.println("username=="+userBean.getUsername());
        System.out.println("password=="+userBean.getPassword());
        System.out.println("myage=="+userBean.getMyage());
        System.out.println("myaddress=="+userBean.getMyaddress());
        System.out.println("day=="+userBean.getDay());
    }
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="testReqParam.do" method="post">
    用户名:<input type="text" name="username" /><br>
    密码:<input type="password" name="password" /><br>
    年龄:<input type="text" name="age" /><br>
    地址:<input type="text" name="address" /><br>
    <input type="submit" value="提交" /><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>

 

 2.

package com.wangxing.springmvc3.controller.test4.controller;

import com.wangxing.springmvc3.controller.test4.personbean.UserBean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller("controller22")
public class controller2 {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/getpara.do",method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public ModelAndView getReqParam(UserBean userBean){
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("userbean",userBean);
        modelAndView.setViewName("/jsp/test.jsp");
        return modelAndView;

    }
}

 

<%@ page import="org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView" %><%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: 14336
  Date: 2021/4/17
  Time: 9:36
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>test</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>${userbean.username}</h1>
<h1>${userbean.password}</h1>
<h1>${userbean.myage}</h1>
<h1>${userbean.myaddress}</h1>
</body>
</html>

 

注意:java对象的成员变量的名称一定要与页面元素的name属性值相同

5.HttpServletRequest对象的getParameter()方法接收数据

package com.wangxing.springmvc3.controller.test5.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/dox")
public class DoxController {
    /**
     * HttpServletRequest对象的getParameter()方法接口数据
    */
    @RequestMapping("/testHttpServletReq.do")
    public void testHttpServletReq(HttpServletRequest request){
        System.out.println("username=="+request.getParameter("username"));
        System.out.println("password=="+request.getParameter("password"));
        System.out.println("myage=="+request.getParameter("myage"));
        System.out.println("myaddress=="+request.getParameter("myaddress"));
    }
}

http请求:http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/testHttpServletReq.do?username=wangwu&password=111111

6.将被提交的请求参数组织成json数据【后面介绍】

SpringMVC访问静态资源

当我们使用SPringMVC访问HTML文件的时候出现404错误,因为SpringMVC不支持静态资源的访问【.html /  .js  / .css  /.jpg.....】

方案一:激活Tomcat的defaultServlet来处理静态文件[web.xml]

<servlet-mapping>

    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>

    <url-pattern>*.jpg</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>

    <url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>

    <url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

要写在DispatcherServlet的前面, 让defaultServlet先拦截,这个就不会进入Spring了,我想性能是最好的吧。

方案二: 在spring3.0.4以后版本提供了mvc:resources

<!--对静态资源文件的访问-->

<mvc:resources mapping="/images/**" location="/images/" />

<mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/js/" />

<mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/css/" />

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