1.创建一个maven工程
pom.xml中添加依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.zhang</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringMVC</artifactId>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
<module>springmvc-annotion</module>
</modules>
<!--依赖-->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.3.13</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1-b03</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
刷新maven,导入jar包
新建一个Module
创建web项目,添加web支持
导jar包,点击项目结构(project structure)→Artifacts→选中springmvc-annotation工程,在WEB-INF目录下添加lib目录。
2.web.xml文件中配置servlet
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--注册servlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--通过初始化参数指定SpringMVC配置文件的位置,进行关联-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--启动顺序,数字越小启动越早-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!--所有请求都会被SpringMVC拦截-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
创建springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--自动扫描包,指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.zhang.controller"/>
<!--让SpringMVC不处理静态资源 .css .js .html .mp3 .mp4-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!--一句话自动完成DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping和AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter两个实例的注入(为了使用@RequestMapping注解)-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!--视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!--前缀-->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!--后缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
3. 创建hello.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>
✳在视图解析器中,我们把所有视图都存放在/WEB-INF/目录下,这样可以保证视图安全,因为这个目录下的文件客户端不能直接访问。
创建HelloController.java
配置tomcat
启动tomcat,http://localhost:8080/springmvc-annotation/
http://localhost:8080/springmvc-annotation/hello/h1
使用SpringMVC必须配置的三大件:处理器映射器,处理器适配器,视图解析器。
通常我们只需配置视图解析器,而处理器映射器和处理器适配器只需要开启注解驱动即可,儿省去了大量的xml配置。