Spring-Cloud-Alibaba+Nacos+Ribbon服务调用、负载均衡

一、运行nacos

下载nacos:

https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/releases

选用 2.x 任一版本即可

我这里直接在windows环境下运行

配置文件路径 nacos\conf\application.properties，默认配置即可：

server.servlet.contextPath=/nacos
### Include message field
server.error.include-message=ALWAYS
### Default web server port:
server.port=8848

启动nacos
使用命令行进入到nacos的bin目录，输入以下命令启动，这种启动方式是以单个nacos启动

startup.cmd -m standalone

 启动成功后，登录： http://localhost:8848/nacos

 默认用户名：nacos

密码：nacos

可以做服务管理、集群管理、持久化配置等等

 

二、搭建工程 

1、搭建父工程：spring-cloud-alibaba-test，模板选用 maven-archetype-quickstart

创建之后，删除src，配置pom.xml

必备：

spring-boot-dependencies

spring-cloud-dependencies

spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies

其他的依赖可以不要

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-test</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <!--创建子工程后才会出现
    <modules>
        <module>nacos-server</module>
        <module>nacos-client</module>
    </modules>
    -->

    <name>spring-cloud-alibaba-test</name>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
        <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
        <druid.version>1.1.16</druid.version>
        <mybatis-plus.boot.version>3.4.0</mybatis-plus.boot.version>
    </properties>

    <!-- 子模块继承-->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!--spring boot 2.3.2-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--spring cloud Hoxton.SR9-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Hoxton.SR9</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--spring cloud alibaba 2.2.6.RELEASE-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>${mysql.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
                <version>${druid.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${mybatis-plus.boot.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>${junit.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                <version>${log4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <version>${lombok.version}</version>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <!-- maven中跳过单元测试 -->
                <configuration>
                    <skip>true</skip>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

注意这三个依赖的版本关系，存在兼容问题，推荐关系如下：

 

2、创建server子工程：nacos-server

 模板依然是maven-archetype-quickstart，缺什么自己再添加

配置pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-test</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>nacos-server</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>nacos-server</name>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- spring boot -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- nacos依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

 添加资源文件夹 main/resources

 添加application.yml，内容简单点：

#端口默认9001，如果启动时指定参数 -D9002，就会启动9002端口

server:
    port: ${port:9001}
#端口默认9001，如果启动时指定参数 -D9002，就会启动9002端口

spring:
    application:
        name: nacos-server
    cloud:
        nacos:
            discovery:
                server-addr: localhost:8848
                username: nacos
                password: nacos
                namespace: public

启动类Application.java配置：

package org.example.demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

随便写个服务controller:

package org.example.demo.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping(path = "/server")
public class ServerController {

    @RequestMapping(path = "get")
    public String get(){
        System.out.println("hello~");
        return "hello~我是返回信息";
    }
}

然后启动Application，可以启动两个实例。一个9001 一个9002

一个正常启动，一个在启动配置中，添加一个VM options，添加参数：-Dport=9002

3、创建client子工程：nacos-client

模板依然是maven-archetype-quickstart，缺什么自己再添加

 配置pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-test</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>nacos-client</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>nacos-client</name>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>


    <dependencies>
        <!-- spring boot -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- nacos依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

 添加资源文件夹 main/resources

 添加application.yml，端口9100，内容简单点：

server:
    port: 9100

spring:
    application:
        name: nacos-client
    cloud:
        nacos:
            discovery:
                server-addr: localhost:8848
                username: nacos
                password: nacos
                namespace: public

添加启动类ClientApplication 

package org.example.client;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ClientApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ClientApplication.class, args);
    }
}

配置Ribbon：

package org.example.client.config;

import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class RibbonConfig {

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
        RestTemplate restTemplate = builder.build();
        return restTemplate;
    }
}

随便写个Controller：

package org.example.client.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
@RequestMapping(path = "/client")
public class ClientController {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @RequestMapping(path = "test")
    public String get(){
        String message = restTemplate.getForObject("http://nacos-server/server/get", String.class);
        return "调用成功！返回信息：" + message;
    }
}

注意：这里的请求URL：http://nacos-server/server/get，其中nacos-server是上面工程的名字，也是他注册到nacos上的服务名：

启动两个server，一个client

三 、测试

首先，确保nacos上的服务正常：

nacos-server  2个实例

nacos-client    1个实例

 

 然后调用nacos-client的服务：http://localhost:9100/client/test

 返回信息

该服务调用了nacos-server，而nacos-server我们启动了两个实例，观察console，已经实现了负载均衡：

我们刷新了5次页面，3次请求到nacos-server1，2次请求到nacos-server2

nacos-server1

nacos-server2