文章目录
GoLang之标准库math包
注:本文是基于Go SDK v1.8进行讲解
0.函数介绍
注:需要写 import “math”
这里面都是函数,不是方法
以下函数会分布在math包里的各个文件里,但是仍然还是以math.开头来
包里的函数都不会改变原本真实值
1.常量
const (
E = 2.71828182845904523536028747135266249775724709369995957496696763 // A001113
Pi = 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459 // A000796
Phi = 1.61803398874989484820458683436563811772030917980576286213544862 // A001622
Sqrt2 = 1.41421356237309504880168872420969807856967187537694807317667974 // A002193
SqrtE = 1.64872127070012814684865078781416357165377610071014801157507931 // A019774
SqrtPi = 1.77245385090551602729816748334114518279754945612238712821380779 // A002161
SqrtPhi = 1.27201964951406896425242246173749149171560804184009624861664038 // A139339
Ln2 = 0.693147180559945309417232121458176568075500134360255254120680009 // A002162
Log2E = 1 / Ln2
Ln10 = 2.30258509299404568401799145468436420760110148862877297603332790 // A002392
Log10E = 1 / Ln10
)
//浮点数的取值极限。Max是该类型所能表示的最大有限值;SmallestNonzero是该类型所能表示的最小非零正数值。
const (
MaxFloat32= 3.40282346638528859811704183484516925440e+38 // 2**127 * (2**24 - 1) / 2**23
SmallestNonzeroFloat32 = 1.401298464324817070923729583289916131280e-45 // 1 / 2**(127-1+23)
MaxFloat64= 1.797693134862315708145274237317043567981e+308 // 2**1023 * (2**53 - 1) / 2**52
SmallestNonzeroFloat64=4.940656458412465441765687928682213723651e-324 // 1 / 2**(1023-1+52)
)
//整数的取值极限
const (
MaxInt8 = 1<<7 - 1
MinInt8 = -1 << 7
MaxInt16 = 1<<15 - 1
MinInt16 = -1 << 15
MaxInt32 = 1<<31 - 1
MinInt32 = -1 << 31
MaxInt64 = 1<<63 - 1
MinInt64 = -1 << 63
MaxUint8 = 1<<8 - 1
MaxUint16 = 1<<16 - 1
MaxUint32 = 1<<32 - 1
MaxUint64 = 1<<64 - 1
)
//1 << 2 2^2 :4
-*1 << 2 2^2 :-4
2.Trunc
func Trunc(x float64) float64
返回x的整数部分(的浮点值)。特例如下:
Trunc(±0) = ±0
Trunc(±Inf) = ±Inf
Trunc(NaN) = NaN
3.Cbrt/Sqrt
func Cbrt(x float64) float64
返回x的三次方根,特例如下:
Cbrt(±0) = ±0
Cbrt(±Inf) = ±Inf //INf是无穷大的意思
Cbrt(NaN) = NaN //无定义数用NaN表示,即“Not a Number(非数)”
func Sqrt(x float64) float64
返回x的二次方根,特例如下:
Sqrt(+Inf) = +Inf
Sqrt(±0) = ±0
Sqrt(x < 0) = NaN
Sqrt(NaN) = NaN
4.Hypot
func Hypot(p, q float64) float64
返回Sqrt(pp + qq),注意要避免不必要的溢出或下溢。特例如下:
Hypot(±Inf, q) = +Inf
Hypot(p, ±Inf) = +Inf
Hypot(NaN, q) = NaN
Hypot(p, NaN) = NaN
5.Sin/Cos/Tan
func Sin(x float64) float64
求正弦。特例如下:
Sin(±0) = ±0
Sin(±Inf) = NaN
Sin(NaN) = NaN
func Cos(x float64) float64
求余弦。特例如下:
Cos(±Inf) = NaN
Cos(NaN) = NaN
func Tan
func Tan(x float64) float64
求正切。特例如下:
Tan(±0) = ±0
Tan(±Inf) = NaN
Tan(NaN) = NaN
6.Log
func Log(x float64) float64 这是以e为底数的
求自然对数,特例如下:
Log(+Inf) = +Inf
Log(0) = -Inf
Log(x < 0) = NaN
Log(NaN) = NaN
7.Log2/Log10
func Log2(x float64) float64
求2为底的对数;特例和Log相同。
func Log10(x float64) float64
求10为底的对数;特例和Log相同。
8.Log1p
func Log1p(x float64) float64
等价于Log(1+x)。但是在x接近0时,本函数更加精确;特例如下:
Log1p(+Inf) = +Inf
Log1p(±0) = ±0
Log1p(-1) = -Inf
Log1p(x < -1) = NaN
Log1p(NaN) = NaN
9.Logb
func Logb(x float64) float64
返回x的二进制指数值,可以理解为Trunc(Log2(x));特例如下:
Logb(±Inf) = +Inf
Logb(0) = -Inf
Logb(NaN) = NaN
10.Ilogb
func Ilogb(x float64) int
类似Logb,但返回值是整型;特例如下:
Ilogb(±Inf) = MaxInt32
Ilogb(0) = MinInt32
Ilogb(NaN) = MaxInt32
11.Abs
func Abs(x float64) float64
返回x的绝对值;特例如下:
Abs(±Inf) = +Inf
Abs(NaN) = NaN
12.Max/Min
func Max(x, y float64) float64
返回x和y中最大值,特例如下:
Max(x, +Inf) = Max(+Inf, x) = +Inf
Max(x, NaN) = Max(NaN, x) = NaN
Max(+0, ±0) = Max(±0, +0) = +0
Max(-0, -0) = -0
func Min(x, y float64) float64
返回x和y中最小值,特例如下:
Min(x, -Inf) = Min(-Inf, x) = -Inf
Min(x, NaN) = Min(NaN, x) = NaN
Min(-0, ±0) = Min(±0, -0) = -0
13.Modf
func Modf(f float64) (int float64, frac float64)
返回f的整数部分和小数部分,结果的正负号和都x相同;特例如下:
Modf(±Inf) = ±Inf, NaN
Modf(NaN) = NaN, NaN
14.Floor/Ceil
func Floor(x float64) float64
返回不大于x的最大整数(的浮点值),特例如下: 不大于:小于等于
Floor(±0) = ±0
Floor(±Inf) = ±Inf
Floor(NaN) = NaN
func Ceil(x float64) float64
返回不小于x的最小整数(的浮点值),特例如下: 不小于:大于等于
Ceil(±0) = ±0
Ceil(±Inf) = ±Inf
Ceil(NaN) = NaN
15.Mod
func Mod(x, y float64) float64
取余运算,可以理解为 x-Trunc(x/y)*y,结果的正负号和x相同;特例如下:
Mod(±Inf, y) = NaN
Mod(NaN, y) = NaN
Mod(x, 0) = NaN
Mod(x, ±Inf) = x
Mod(x, NaN) = NaN
16.Pow
注意:传入的两个参数都是float64型的
计算x的y次方的函数