TCP/UDP学习记录

通信协议

协议：约定，就好比我们说的语言一样。

网络通信协议：速率，传输码率，代码结构，传输控制…

问题：非常复杂

TCP/IP协议簇

• TCP：用户传输协议
• UDP：用户数据报协议
  • TCP/IP，实际上是一组协议，网络互联协议。

TCP UDP对比

TCP：比作打电话

• 相连接，稳定
• 三次握手，四次挥手

//三次握手，最少三次稳定链接 
A:你瞅啥？B:瞅你咋地？A:干一架(A发送请求，B回应请求，A接受B的回应并进行反应或者进行下一步)
    
//四次挥手
A:我要断开了B:你真的要断开了吗B：你确定真的要断开了吗A：我真的要断开了（A发送断开请求，B接受请求并发送确认请求，B发送确认请求，A回复确认请求，完成断开）

• 客户端，服务端
• 传输完成，释放链接，效率低

UDP：比作发短信

• 不连接，不稳定

• 客户端，服务的没有明确的界限

• 不管有没有准备好，都会发送

• DDOS：洪水攻击！（饱和攻击）

TCP

客户端

1. 链接服务器，通过Socket
2. 发送消息

package com.lean.lession01;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Socket socket =null;
        OutputStream os =null;
        //1.要知道服务器的地址
        try {
            InetAddress serverIp = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            //2. 端口号
            int port = 9999;
            //3.创建一个socket连接
            socket = new Socket(serverIp,port);
            //3.发送消息IO流
            os = socket.getOutputStream();

            os.write("Hello,World".getBytes());
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            //关闭资源
            if (os!=null){
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(socket!=null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

    }
}

服务器

1. 建立服务端口 ServerSocket
2. 等待用户的连接 accecpt
3. 接受用户的消息

package com.lean.lession01;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

//服务器
public abstract class TcpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args)  {
        ServerSocket serverSocket =null;
        Socket socket =null;
        InputStream is =null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream bas =null;

        try {
            //1.我得有一个地址
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            while(true){
                //2.等待客户端链接过来
                socket = serverSocket.accept();
                //读取客户端的信息
                is = socket.getInputStream();
            /*
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while((len = is.read(buffer))!=-1){
                String msg = new String(buffer,0,len);
                System.out.println(msg);
            }
             */
                //管道流
                bas = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                int len;
                while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
                    bas.write(buffer,0,len);
                }
                System.out.println(bas.toString());
            }




        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            //关闭资源
            if (bas!=null) {
                try {
                    bas.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (is!=null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket!=null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (serverSocket!=null) {
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

        }
    }
}

文件上传

package com.lean.lession01;
//客户端
import javax.sound.midi.Soundbank;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class TcpClientDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //创建一个Socket连接
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9900);
        //创建一个输出流
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        //文件流 读取文件
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("food.png"));
        //写出文件
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        //通知服务器，我已经结束了
        socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了

        //确定服务器接受完毕，才能断开连接
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] buffer2 = new byte[2048];
        int len2;
        while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
            baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
        }
        System.out.println(baos.toString());
        //关闭资源
        baos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        fis.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();

    }
}

package com.lean.lession01;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务器
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
        //创建服务
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9900);
        //监听用户进程
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听，会一直等待客户端连接
        //获取输入流
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        //文件输出
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.png"));
        byte[] buffer =new  byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        //通知客户端接受完毕
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("接收完毕".getBytes());
        //关闭资源
        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

UDP

不用链接，但是需要知道对方的地址

package com.lean.lession03;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //建立一个Socket
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
        //建个包
        String msg = "Hello,World!";
        //发送给谁
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port = 9090;
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
        //发送包
        socket.send(packet);
        //关闭资源
        socket.close();
    }
}

package com.lean.lession03;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class UdpServerDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //开放端口
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
        //接受数据包
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
        datagramSocket.receive(packet);
        System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0, packet.getLength()));
        //关闭连接
        datagramSocket.close();
    }
}