ubuntu安装yum

ubuntu安装yum

最近搞了一台服务器，自己折腾的时候用到了yum，发现使用apt-get下载yum时一直报错：

root@iZbp1cml7iso80jlaxx2uZ:/tjy# apt-get install yum
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package yum

网上搜了半天，解决方案无非是：

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

但是根据我的实际情况，更新apt的库后没有用

最终解决方案：

1. 备份sources.list文件

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup

2. 修改源

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

​ 进入vim后

• 进入Normal模式（按Esc键）。

• 输入ggdG并按Enter键。这将会从当前光标位置开始到文件的最后行都被删除。

• 删除过后，我们先查看服务器的ubuntu版本

• 进入清华镜像源获取镜像内容，

  • 

  • 选好ubuntu版本后复制框中内容至/etc/apt/sources.list

  • 在/etc/apt/sources.list的第一行再加入：

    • deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main universe restricted multiverse
      

    • 在我的机子上，sources.list内容如下：

      deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main universe restricted multiverse
      # 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
      deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
      # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
      deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
      # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
      deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
      # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
      
      deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
      # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
      
      # 预发布软件源，不建议启用
      # deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
      # # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
      

• 最后输入":wq"再回车就修改完毕了

3. 修改过后，需要从新的源加载

sudo apt-get update

4. 之后我们再安装yum：

sudo apt-get install yum

这时候我遇到了报错：

root@iZbp1cmlu7iso80jlaxx2uZ:/etc/apt# sudo apt-get install yum
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package yum
root@iZbp1cmlu7iso80jlaxx2uZ:/etc/apt# sudo apt-key adv –keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com –recv-keys 40976EAF437D05B5
Warning: apt-key is deprecated. Manage keyring files in trusted.gpg.d instead (see apt-key(8)).
Executing: /tmp/apt-key-gpghome.J976Sq2yFx/gpg.1.sh –keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com –recv-keys 40976EAF437D05B5
gpg: WARNING: no command supplied.  Trying to guess what you mean ...
usage: gpg [options] [filename]
root@iZbp1cmlu7iso80jlaxx2uZ:/etc/apt# sudo apt-key adv –keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com –recv-keys 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
Warning: apt-key is deprecated. Manage keyring files in trusted.gpg.d instead (see apt-key(8)).
Executing: /tmp/apt-key-gpghome.1L1qF3G0X7/gpg.1.sh –keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com –recv-keys 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
gpg: WARNING: no command supplied.  Trying to guess what you mean ...
usage: gpg [options] [filename]

从报错提示可看出 没有指定的公钥，执行命令安装指定的公钥即可

5. 安装公钥(后8位即可代表公钥)：

sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.Ubuntu.com 437D05B5
sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.Ubuntu.com C0B21F32

6. 安装公钥后，重新加载apt库

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

出现了以下警告：

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 python3-six : Breaks: libpython-stdlib (< 2.7.18) but 2.7.5-5ubuntu3 is to be installed
               Breaks: python-minimal (< 2.7.18) but 2.7.5-5ubuntu3 is to be installed
 python3-yaml : Breaks: libpython-stdlib (< 2.7.18) but 2.7.5-5ubuntu3 is to be installed
                Breaks: python-minimal (< 2.7.18) but 2.7.5-5ubuntu3 is to be installed
E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.

7. 我们根据提示安装所需即可

   sudo apt install libpython-stdlib
   sudo apt install python-minimal
   

8. 最后，终于安装成功！

sudo apt-get install yum

成果展示：

后续问题：

安装好yum后，尝试使用yum安装一些应用，结果报错：

root@iZbp1cmlu7iso80jlaxx2uZ:/tjy# yum -y install mlocate
There are no enabled repos.
 Run "yum repolist all" to see the repos you have.
 You can enable repos with yum-config-manager --enable <repo>
root@iZbp1cmlu7iso80jlaxx2uZ:/tjy# yum repolist all
repolist: 0

这是因为我们没有repo文件…

后来查阅相关资料后才发现其实Linux系统基本上分为两大类:

RedHat系列：Redhat、Centos、Fedora等

• 使用 yum 命令安装软件包

Debian系列：Debian、Ubuntu等

• 使用 apt-get 命令安装软件包

⚠️因此由于Ubuntu属于Debian系列中直接用apt-get进行软件包下载即可，至于在Ubuntu中安装yum则是一个十分愚蠢的操作😂，这真的给本人好好上了一课。

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