Mybatis

什么是Mybatis?

  1. MyBatis 是一款优秀的持久层框架,它支持自定义 SQL、存储过程以及高级映射。
  2. MyBatis 免除了几乎所有的 JDBC 代码以及设置参数和获取结果集的工作。
  3. MyBatis 可以通过简单的 XML 或注解来配置和映射原始类型、接口和 Java POJO(Plain Old Java Objects,普通老式 Java 对象)为数据库中的记录。

简单的增删改查

环境搭建

  1. 创建数据库

    CREATE DATABASE mybatis;
    
    USE mybatis;
    
    CREATE TABLE `user`(
    id int,
    `name` VARCHAR(20),
    pwd VARCHAR(20)
    );
    
    INSERT INTO `user`(id,`name`,pwd)
    VALUES
    (1,'张三','123456'),
    (2,'李四','123456'),
    (3,'王五','123456');
    
  2. 创建module

  3. 导入maven依赖

    <!--        数据库-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>8.0.17</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <!--        单元测试-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <!--        连接数据库-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
        <version>3.5.2</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <!--        显示日志信息-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.17</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
        <version>1.7.25</version>
    </dependency>
    
  4. 导入文件过滤

    这一步是为了能够在项目打包时,mapper包下的xml配置文件不被过滤掉

    <resources>
        <resource>
            <!--指定配置文件所在的目录-->
            <directory>src/main/java</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
            <!--启用上面的过滤文件-->
            <filtering>true</filtering>
        </resource>
        <resource>
            <!--指定配置文件所在的目录-->
            <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
            <!--启用上面的过滤文件-->
            <filtering>true</filtering>
        </resource>
    </resources>
    
  5. 编写mybatis-config.xml核心配置文件

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE configuration
            PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
            "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
    <configuration>
        
        <properties resource="db.properties"/>
        
        <environments default="development">
            <environment id="development">
                <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
                <dataSource type="POOLED">
                    <property name="driver" value="${driver}"/>
                    <property name="url" value="${url}"/>
                    <property name="username" value="${username}"/>
                    <property name="password" value="${password}"/>
                </dataSource>
            </environment>
        </environments>
        
    </configuration>
    
  6. 编写db.properties文件

    driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&failOverReadOnly=false&serverTimezone=UTC
    username=用户名
    password=密码
    
  7. 编写实体类

    package com.tian.pojo;
    
    public class User {
        private int id;
        private String name;
        private String password;
    
        public User() {
        }
    
        public User(int id, String name, String password) {
            this.id = id;
            this.name = name;
            this.password = password;
        }
    
        public int getId() {
            return id;
        }
    
        public void setId(int id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getPassword() {
            return password;
        }
    
        public void setPassword(String password) {
            this.password = password;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "User{" +
                    "id=" + id +
                    ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                    ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                    '}';
        }
    }
    
  8. 创建UserMapper接口

    package com.tian.dao;
    
    public interface UserMapper {
        
    }
    
  9. 创建UserMapper.xml配置文件

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE mapper
            PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
            "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
    <mapper namespace="com.tian.dao.UserMapper">
        
    </mapper>
    
  10. 在mybatis-config.xml中设置输出日志信息或设置开启驼峰命名

    <!--    设置配置-->
    <settings>
        <!--        标准的日志工厂-->
        <setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
    
        <!--        log4j日志工厂-->
        <!--        <setting name="logImpl" value="LOG4J"/>-->
    
        <!--        开启驼峰命名自动映射-->
        <!--        <setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>-->
    </settings>
    
  11. 在mybatis-config.xml中给实体类起别名

    <typeAliases>
        <typeAlias type="com.tian.pojo.User" alias="User"/>
    </typeAliases>
    
  12. 在mybatis-config.xml中添加Mapper映射

    <mappers>
        <mapper class="com.tian.dao.UserMapper"/>
    </mappers>
    

查询

  1. 在接口UserMapper中添加抽象方法

    //查询用户列表
    List<User> getUserList();
    
  2. 在配置文件UserMapper.xml中添加相应配置

    <!--    查询用户列表-->
    <select id="getUserList" resultMap="userList">
        select * from user;
    </select>
    <resultMap id="userList" type="User">
        <result property="password" column="pwd"/>
    </resultMap>
    
  3. 编写测试类

    import com.tian.dao.UserMapper;
    import com.tian.pojo.User;
    import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class MybatisTest {
        @Test
        public void test01(){
            SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = null;
            InputStream inputStream;
            String resource;
            try {
                resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
                inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
                sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
            SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
    
            UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
            List<User> userList = mapper.getUserList();
    
            for (User user : userList) {
                System.out.println(user);
            }
    
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }
    
  4. 运行结果

    Opening JDBC Connection
    Created connection 2056031695.
    Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@7a8c8dcf]
    > Preparing: select * from user;
    > Parameters:
    <
    Columns: id, name, pwd
    <
    Row: 1, 张三, 123456
    <== Row: 2, 李四, 123456
    <== Row: 3, 王五, 123456
    <== Total: 3
    User{id=1, name=‘张三’, password=‘123456’}
    User{id=2, name=‘李四’, password=‘123456’}
    User{id=3, name=‘王五’, password=‘123456’}
    Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@7a8c8dcf]
    Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@7a8c8dcf]
    Returned connection 2056031695 to pool.

添加

  1. 在接口UserMapper中添加抽象方法

    //添加用户
    int addUser(User user);
    
  2. 在配置文件UserMapper.xml中添加相应配置

    <!--    添加用户-->
    <insert id="addUser" parameterType="User">
        insert into user(id,name,pwd) values(#{id},#{name},#{password});
    </insert>
    
  3. 编写测试类

    @Test
    public void test02(){
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = null;
        InputStream inputStream;
        String resource;
        try {
            resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
            inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
            sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
    
        UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
    
        int user = mapper.addUser(new User(4, "赵六", "123456"));
    
        System.out.println(user);
    
        sqlSession.commit();
        sqlSession.close();
    }
    

修改

  1. 在接口UserMapper中添加抽象方法

    //修改用户信息
    int modifyUser(User user);
    
  2. 在配置文件UserMapper.xml中添加相应配置

    <!--    修改用户信息-->
    <update id="modifyUser" parameterType="User">
        update user
        <set>
            <if test="name != null">name = #{name},</if>
            <if test="password != null">pwd = #{password}</if>
        </set>
        where id = #{id}
    </update>
    
  3. 编写测试类

    @Test
    public void test03(){
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = null;
        InputStream inputStream;
        String resource;
        try {
            resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
            inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
            sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
    
        UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
        int user = mapper.modifyUser(new User(4, "赵六", "111111"));
    
        System.out.println(user);
    
        sqlSession.commit();
        sqlSession.close();
    }
    

删除

  1. 在接口UserMapper中添加抽象方法

    //删除用户信息
    int delUser(int id);
    
  2. 在配置文件UserMapper.xml中添加相应配置

    <!--    删除用户-->
    <delete id="delUser">
        delete from user where id=#{id}
    </delete>
    
  3. 编写测试类

    @Test
    public void test04(){
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = null;
        InputStream inputStream;
        String resource;
        try {
            resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
            inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
            sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
    
        UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
        int user = mapper.delUser(4);
    
        System.out.println(user);
    
        sqlSession.commit();
        sqlSession.close();
    }
    

复杂查询

多对一

  1. 创建数据库

    create table student
    (
        id   int         null,
        name varchar(30) null,
        tid  int         null
    );
    insert into student(id,name,tid)
    values
    (1,'张三',1),
    (2,'李四',1),
    (3,'王五',1),
    (4,'赵六',2);
    create table teacher
    (
        id   int         null,
        name varchar(30) null
    );
    insert into teacher(id,name)
    values
    (1,'老师'),
    (2,'teacher'),
    
  2. 创建module

  3. 导入maven依赖

  4. 导入文件过滤

    这一步是为了能够在项目打包时,mapper包下的xml配置文件不被过滤掉

  5. 编写mybatis-config.xml核心配置文件

  6. 编写db.properties文件

  7. 编写实体类

    package com.tian.pojo;
    
    public class Teacher {
        private int id;
        private String name;
    
        public Teacher() {
        }
    
        public Teacher(int id, String name) {
            this.id = id;
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public int getId() {
            return id;
        }
    
        public void setId(int id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Teacher{" +
                    "id=" + id +
                    ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                    '}';
        }
    }
    
    package com.tian.pojo;
    
    public class Student {
        private int id;
        private String name;
        
        private Teacher teacher;
    
        public Student() {
        }
    
        public Student(int id, String name, Teacher teacher) {
            this.id = id;
            this.name = name;
            this.teacher = teacher;
        }
    
        public int getId() {
            return id;
        }
    
        public void setId(int id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public Teacher getTeacher() {
            return teacher;
        }
    
        public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
            this.teacher = teacher;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Student{" +
                    "id=" + id +
                    ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                    ", teacher=" + teacher +
                    '}';
        }
    }
    
  8. 创建TeacherMapper和StudentMapper接口

    package com.tian.dao;
    
    public interface StudentMapper {
        
    }
    
    package com.tian.dao;
    
    public interface TeacherMapper {
        
    }
    
  9. 创建TeacherMapper.xml和StudentMapper.xml配置文件

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE mapper
            PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
            "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
    <mapper namespace="com.tian.dao.TeacherMapper">
        
    </mapper>
    
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE mapper
            PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
            "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
    <mapper namespace="com.tian.dao.StudentMapper">
        
    </mapper>
    
  10. 在mybatis-config.xml中设置输出日志信息或设置开启驼峰命名

  11. 在mybatis-config.xml中给实体类起别名

    <!--    给实体类起别名-->
    <typeAliases>
        <typeAlias type="com.tian.pojo.Teacher" alias="Teacher"/>
        <typeAlias type="com.tian.pojo.Student" alias="Student"/>
    </typeAliases>
    
  12. 在mybatis-config.xml中添加Mapper映射

    <mappers>
        <mapper class="com.tian.dao.TeacherMapper"/>
        <mapper class="com.tian.dao.StudentMapper"/>
    </mappers>
    
  13. 在StudentMapper接口中添加抽象方法

    //查询学生信息以及对应的老师信息
    List<Student> getList();
    
  14. 在StudentMapper.xml配置文件中添加配置

    <select id="getList" resultMap="resMap">
        select s.id sid,s.`name` sname,t.id tid,t.`name` tname
        from student s,teacher t
        where s.tid = t.id;
    </select>
    <resultMap id="resMap" type="Student">
        <result column="sid" property="id"/>
        <result column="sname" property="name"/>
        <association property="teacher" javaType="Teacher">
            <result column="tid" property="id"/>
            <result column="tname" property="name"/>
        </association>
    </resultMap>
    
  15. 测试

    import com.tian.dao.StudentMapper;
    import com.tian.pojo.Student;
    import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class mybatisTest {
        @Test
        public void test(){
            SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = null;
            InputStream inputStream;
            String resource;
            try {
                resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
                inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
                sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
            SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
    
            StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
            List<Student> list = mapper.getList();
    
            for (Student student : list) {
                System.out.println(student);
            }
    
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }
    

一对多

  1. 创建数据库

  2. 创建module

  3. 导入maven依赖

  4. 导入文件过滤

    这一步是为了能够在项目打包时,mapper包下的xml配置文件不被过滤掉

  5. 编写mybatis-config.xml核心配置文件

  6. 编写db.properties文件

  7. 编写实体类

    package com.tian.pojo;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class Teacher {
        private int id;
        private String name;
        private List<Student> students;
    
        public Teacher() {
        }
    
        public Teacher(int id, String name, List<Student> students) {
            this.id = id;
            this.name = name;
            this.students = students;
        }
    
        public int getId() {
            return id;
        }
    
        public void setId(int id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public List<Student> getStudents() {
            return students;
        }
    
        public void setStudents(List<Student> students) {
            this.students = students;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Teacher{" +
                    "id=" + id +
                    ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                    ", students=" + students +
                    '}';
        }
    }
    
    package com.tian.pojo;
    
    public class Student {
        private int id;
        private String name;
        private int tid;
    
        public Student() {
        }
    
        public Student(int id, String name, int tid) {
            this.id = id;
            this.name = name;
            this.tid = tid;
        }
    
        public int getId() {
            return id;
        }
    
        public void setId(int id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public int getTid() {
            return tid;
        }
    
        public void setTid(int tid) {
            this.tid = tid;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Student{" +
                    "id=" + id +
                    ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                    ", tid=" + tid +
                    '}';
        }
    }
    
  8. 创建TeacherMapper和StudentMapper接口

  9. 创建TeacherMapper.xml和StudentMapper.xml配置文件

  10. 在mybatis-config.xml中设置输出日志信息或设置开启驼峰命名

  11. 在mybatis-config.xml中给实体类起别名

  12. 在mybatis-config.xml中添加Mapper映射

  13. 在StudentMapper接口中添加抽象方法

    //根据id查找老师及其对应的学生信息
    Teacher getList(int id);
    
  14. 在StudentMapper.xml配置文件中添加配置

    <select id="getList" resultMap="resMap">
        select t.id tid,t.`name` tname,s.id sid,s.`name` sname
        from teacher t,student s
        where s.tid = t.id
        and t.id = #{id};
    </select>
    <resultMap id="resMap" type="Teacher">
        <result column="tid" property="id"/>
        <result column="tname" property="name"/>
        <collection property="students" javaType="java.util.List" ofType="Student">
            <result column="sid" property="id"/>
            <result column="sname" property="name"/>
        </collection>
    </resultMap>
    
  15. 测试

    import com.tian.dao.StudentMapper;
    import com.tian.dao.TeacherMapper;
    import com.tian.pojo.Student;
    import com.tian.pojo.Teacher;
    import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class mybatisTest {
        @Test
        public void test(){
            SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = null;
            InputStream inputStream;
            String resource;
            try {
                resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
                inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
                sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
            SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
    
            TeacherMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
            Teacher list = mapper.getList(1);
    
            System.out.println(list);
    
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }
    

生命周期和作用域

生命周期,和作用域是至关重要的,因为错误的使用会导致非常严重的并发问题。
在这里插入图片描述
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder:

一旦创建了SqlSessionFactory,就不再需要它了
局部变量

mybatis运行流程SqlSessionFactory:

可以想象为:数据库连接池
SqlSessionFactory 一旦被创建就应该在应用的运行期间一直存在,没有任何理由丢弃它或重新创建另一个实例。
因此SqlSessionFactory的最佳作用域是应用作用域。
最简单的就是使用 单例模式 或者静态单例模式

SqlSession:

连接到连接池的一个请求!
SqlSession 的实例不是线程安全的,因此是不能被共享的,所以它的最佳的作用域是请求或方法作用域。
用完之后需要赶紧关闭,否则会占用资源
SqlSessionFactory

这里的每一个Mapper,就代表一个具体的业务!

在这里插入图片描述

执行流程

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