Android 两个app之间通过ContentProvider实现数据共享出现的问题

a应用中存了数据在a应用sqlite数据库中 ,b应用想访问a应用的数据出现了错误： 

Failed to find provider info for com.example.mycontentprovder.personprovider

a应用的代码:

MainActivity 文件代码：

package com.example.mycontentprovder;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);



    }
}

DBhelper  类代码

package com.example.mycontentprovder;

import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

public class DBhelper  extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

    public DBhelper(Context context){
        super(context, "data.db", null, 1);
        Log.d("ssssssssss","DBhelper");
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
        Log.e("hfq","onCreate");
        db.execSQL("create table person(_id integer primary key autoincrement ,name varchar)");
        db.execSQL("insert into person (name) values ('Tome')");

    }
    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {

    }


}

自定义的ContentProvider  PersonProvider 

package com.example.mycontentprovder;

import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.util.Log;

import androidx.annotation.IdRes;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

public class PersonProvider extends ContentProvider {
    private  static  UriMatcher matcher=new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
    private  DBhelper mDBhelper;


    static {
        matcher.addURI("com.example.mycontentprovder.personprovider","/person",1);
        matcher.addURI("com.example.mycontentprovder.personprovider","/person/#",2);
    }
    public PersonProvider() {
        Log.d("ssssssssss","PersonProvider");
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreate() {
        Log.d("ssssssssss","PersonProvider:onCreate");
            mDBhelper=new DBhelper(getContext());

        return false;
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public Cursor query(@NonNull Uri uri, @Nullable String[] projection, @Nullable String selection, @Nullable String[] selectionArgs, @Nullable String sortOrder) {
        Log.d("ssssssssss","query");
        SQLiteDatabase database=mDBhelper.getReadableDatabase();
        int code=matcher.match(uri);
        if(code==1){
           Cursor cursor=database.query("person",projection,selection,selectionArgs,null,null,null);
           return cursor;
        }else if(code==2){
            long id= ContentUris.parseId(uri);
            Cursor cursor=database.query("person",projection,"_id=?",new String[]{id+""},null,null,null);
            return cursor;
        }else {
           throw new RuntimeException("查询的ui不合法");
        }

    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public String getType(@NonNull Uri uri) {
        return null;
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public Uri insert(@NonNull Uri uri, @Nullable ContentValues values) {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public int delete(@NonNull Uri uri, @Nullable String selection, @Nullable String[] selectionArgs) {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public int update(@NonNull Uri uri, @Nullable ContentValues values, @Nullable String selection, @Nullable String[] selectionArgs) {
        return 0;
    }




}

  <provider
            android:authorities="com.example.mycontentprovder.personprovider"
            android:name=".PersonProvider"
            android:exported="true"
            />

 加上了 android:exported="true"属性显示其他应用允许通过content://com.example.mycontentprovder.personprovidera访问a应用的数据

b应用的代码：

package com.example.mycontentresolver;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }

    public void query(View view) {
        ContentResolver resolver=getContentResolver();
        Uri uri=Uri.parse("content://com.example.mycontentprovder.personprovider/person/1");

        Cursor cursor=resolver.query(uri,null,null,null,null);
        if(cursor!=null){
            if(cursor.moveToNext()){
                int id=cursor.getInt(0);
                String name=cursor.getString(1);
                Toast.makeText(this,id+":"+name,0).show();
            }
        }else {
            Toast.makeText(this,"数据为空",0).show();
        }

    }
    public void insert(View view) {
    }

    public void delete(View view) {
    }

    public void update(View view) {

    }
}

当两个应用都运行时，b应用点击查询数据按钮时报以下错误：

Failed to find provider info for com.example.mycontentprovder.personprovider

解决办法：在b应用的AndroidManifest.xml中加上

 <queries>
      <package android:name="com.example.mycontentprovder" />
  </queries>

这是在 Android 11 下才会出现的问题，简单来说，就是出于安全考虑，Android 11 要求应用事先说明需要访问的其他软件包

name 的value为你要访问的那个应用的包名