Spring 整合RabbitMQ_spring集成rabbitmq-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_52851967/article/details/124081327

1、生产者producer代码

1.1、创建producer和consumer工程，向其pom.xml配置文件中添加如下依赖

 <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
	
	<build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

1.2、`rabbitmq.properties`连接参数等配置文件

rabbitmq.host=IP地址
rabbitmq.port=5672
rabbitmq.username=heima
rabbitmq.password=heima
rabbitmq.virtual-host=/itcast

1.3、创建spring-rabbitmq-producer.xml 整合配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd">
    <!--加载配置文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:properties/rabbitmq.properties"/>

    <!-- 定义rabbitmq connectionFactory -->
    <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${rabbitmq.host}"
                               port="${rabbitmq.port}"
                               username="${rabbitmq.username}"
                               password="${rabbitmq.password}"
                               virtual-host="${rabbitmq.virtual-host}"/>
    <!--定义管理交换机、队列-->
    <rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>

    <!--定义持久化队列，不存在则自动创建；不绑定到交换机则绑定到默认交换机
    默认交换机类型为direct，名字为：""，路由键为队列的名称
    -->
<!--
        id：bean的名称
        name：queue的名称
        auto-declare:自动创建
        auto-delete:自动删除。 最后一个消费者和该队列断开连接后，自动删除队列
        exclusive:是否独占
        durable：是否持久化
    -->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_queue" name="spring_queue" auto-declare="true"/>

    <!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~广播；所有队列都能收到消息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -->
    <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_fanout_queue_1" name="spring_fanout_queue_1" auto-declare="true"/>

    <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_fanout_queue_2" name="spring_fanout_queue_2" auto-declare="true"/>

    <!--定义广播类型交换机；并绑定上述两个队列-->
    <rabbit:fanout-exchange id="spring_fanout_exchange" name="spring_fanout_exchange" auto-declare="true">
        <rabbit:bindings>
            <rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_1"/>
            <rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_2"/>
        </rabbit:bindings>
    </rabbit:fanout-exchange>

<!--<rabbit:direct-exchange name="aa" >
        <rabbit:bindings>
            &lt;!&ndash;direct 类型的交换机绑定队列  key ：路由key  queue：队列名称&ndash;&gt;
            <rabbit:binding queue="spring_queue" key="xxx"></rabbit:binding>
        </rabbit:bindings>

    </rabbit:direct-exchange>-->

    <!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~通配符；*匹配一个单词，#匹配多个单词 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -->
    <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_star" name="spring_topic_queue_star" auto-declare="true"/>
    <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_well" name="spring_topic_queue_well" auto-declare="true"/>
    <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_well2" name="spring_topic_queue_well2" auto-declare="true"/>

    <rabbit:topic-exchange id="spring_topic_exchange" name="spring_topic_exchange" auto-declare="true">
        <rabbit:bindings>
            <rabbit:binding pattern="heima.*" queue="spring_topic_queue_star"/>
            <rabbit:binding pattern="heima.#" queue="spring_topic_queue_well"/>
            <rabbit:binding pattern="itcast.#" queue="spring_topic_queue_well2"/>
        </rabbit:bindings>
    </rabbit:topic-exchange>

    <!--定义rabbitTemplate对象操作可以在代码中方便发送消息-->
    <rabbit:template id="rabbitTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>
</beans>

1.4、发送消息

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring/spring-rabbitmq.xml")
public class ProducerTest {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    /**
     * 只发队列消息
     * 默认交换机类型为 direct
     * 交换机的名称为空，路由键为队列的名称
     */
    @Test
    public void queueTest(){
        //路由键与队列同名
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_queue", "只发队列spring_queue的消息。");
    }

    /**
     * 发送广播
     * 交换机类型为 fanout
     * 绑定到该交换机的所有队列都能够收到消息
     */
    @Test
    public void fanoutTest(){
        /**
         * 参数1：交换机名称
         * 参数2：路由键名（广播设置为空）
         * 参数3：发送的消息内容
         */
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_fanout_exchange", "", "发送到spring_fanout_exchange交换机的广播消息");
    }

    /**
     * 通配符
     * 交换机类型为 topic
     * 匹配路由键的通配符，*表示一个单词，#表示多个单词
     * 绑定到该交换机的匹配队列能够收到对应消息
     */
    @Test
    public void topicTest(){
        /**
         * 参数1：交换机名称
         * 参数2：路由键名
         * 参数3：发送的消息内容
         */
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "heima.bj", "发送到spring_topic_exchange交换机heima.bj的消息");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "heima.bj.1", "发送到spring_topic_exchange交换机heima.bj.1的消息");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "heima.bj.2", "发送到spring_topic_exchange交换机heima.bj.2的消息");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "itcast.cn", "发送到spring_topic_exchange交换机itcast.cn的消息");
    }
}

补充：

除了上述的发送消息外，还可以使用下面这种方式

配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd">
    
    <!-- 创建连接工厂 -->
    <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory"
                               host="192.168.80.121"
                               virtual-host="/"
                               username="root"
                               password="123456"
                               port="5672"/>
    
    <!-- 用于自动向RabbitMQ声明队列、交换器、绑定等操作的工具类 -->
    <rabbit:admin id="rabbitAdmin" connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>
    
    <!-- 用于简化操作的模板类 -->
    <!--创建一个rabbit的template对象(org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate)，以便于访问broker-->
    <rabbit:template id="rabbitTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>
    
    <!-- 自动查找类型是Queue、Exchange、Binding的bean，并为用户向RabbitMQ声明-->
    <!-- 因此，我们不需要显式地在java中声明 -->
    <!-- 声明一个消息队列，name属性就是RabbitMQ中的队列名 -->
    <rabbit:queue id="q1" name="queue.q1" durable="false" exclusive="false" auto-delete="false"/>
    
    <!-- 声明一个交换器 -->
    <rabbit:direct-exchange id="directExchange" name="ex.direct" durable="false" auto-delete="false">
        <rabbit:bindings>
            <!--queue：绑定到该交换器的queue的bean名称，使用队列的id-->
            <!--key：显式声明的路由key-->
            <!--exchange：其他绑定到该交换器的交换器名称-->
            <rabbit:binding queue="q1" key="routing.q1"/>
        </rabbit:bindings>
    </rabbit:direct-exchange>
</beans>

发送消息代码

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageProperties;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessagePropertiesBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

public class ProducerApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        AbstractApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-rabbit.xml");
        
        RabbitTemplate template = context.getBean(RabbitTemplate.class);
        // 设置构建消息属性
        MessagePropertiesBuilder builder = MessagePropertiesBuilder.newInstance();
        builder.setContentEncoding("gbk"); // 设置内容响应编码
        builder.setContentType(MessageProperties.CONTENT_TYPE_TEXT_PLAIN);  // 设置内容响应格式

        // 生成Message对象
        Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody("你好，世界".getBytes("gbk")).andProperties(builder.build()).build();

        template.send("ex.direct", "routing.q1", message);

        context.close();
    }
}

ps：上述的代码中定义的交换机和routing与前面的定义中不同，这是因为这是我从其他代码中拿来的，要学会进行更改

2、消费者consumer代码

2.1、`rabbitmq.properties`连接参数等配置文件

rabbitmq.host=IP地址
rabbitmq.port=5672
rabbitmq.username=heima
rabbitmq.password=heima
rabbitmq.virtual-host=/itcast

2.2、创建spring-rabbitmq-consumer.xml 整合配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd">
    <!--加载配置文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:properties/rabbitmq.properties"/>

    <!-- 定义rabbitmq connectionFactory -->
    <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${rabbitmq.host}"
                               port="${rabbitmq.port}"
                               username="${rabbitmq.username}"
                               password="${rabbitmq.password}"
                               virtual-host="${rabbitmq.virtual-host}"/>

    <bean id="springQueueListener" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.SpringQueueListener"/>
    <bean id="fanoutListener1" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.FanoutListener1"/>
    <bean id="fanoutListener2" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.FanoutListener2"/>
    <bean id="topicListenerStar" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerStar"/>
    <bean id="topicListenerWell" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerWell"/>
    <bean id="topicListenerWell2" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerWell2"/>

    <rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory" auto-declare="true">
        <rabbit:listener ref="springQueueListener" queue-names="spring_queue"/>
        <rabbit:listener ref="fanoutListener1" queue-names="spring_fanout_queue_1"/>
        <rabbit:listener ref="fanoutListener2" queue-names="spring_fanout_queue_2"/>
        <rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerStar" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_star"/>
        <rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerWell" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_well"/>
        <rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerWell2" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_well2"/>
    </rabbit:listener-container>
</beans>

2.3、消息监听器

1）队列监听器

创建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\listener\SpringQueueListener.java

public class SpringQueueListener implements MessageListener {
    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        try {
            String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8");

            System.out.printf("接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s \n",
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),
                    msg);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

2）广播监听器1

创建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\listener\FanoutListener1.java

public class FanoutListener1 implements MessageListener {
    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        try {
            String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8");

            System.out.printf("广播监听器1：接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s \n",
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),
                    msg);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

3）广播监听器2

创建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\listener\FanoutListener2.java

public class FanoutListener2 implements MessageListener {
    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        try {
            String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8");

            System.out.printf("广播监听器2：接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s \n",
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),
                    msg);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

4）星号通配符监听器

创建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\listener\TopicListenerStar.java

public class TopicListenerStar implements MessageListener {
    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        try {
            String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8");

            System.out.printf("通配符*监听器：接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s \n",
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),
                    msg);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

5）井号通配符监听器

创建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\listener\TopicListenerWell.java

public class TopicListenerWell implements MessageListener {
    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        try {
            String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8");

            System.out.printf("通配符#监听器：接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s \n",
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),
                    msg);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

6）井号通配符监听器2

创建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\listener\TopicListenerWell2.java

public class TopicListenerWell2 implements MessageListener {
    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        try {
            String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8");

            System.out.printf("通配符#监听器2：接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s \n",
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(),
                    message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),
                    msg);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

2.4、运行consumer消费消息

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

public class ConsumerApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        AbstractApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-rabbitmq-consumer.xml");
        RabbitTemplate template = context.getBean(RabbitTemplate.class);

        // 拉消息模式
       //  Message message = template.receive("queue.q1");

      //  System.out.println(new String(message.getBody(), message.getMessageProperties().getContentEncoding()));

       // context.close();

// 注意上面的这种方式就是拉消息模式，用完后程序结束，而如果使用监听器模式，这个时候就直接加载spring而配置文件就行了，这个时候程序就会使用我们定义的监听器一直监听
    }
}