题1：回文子序列
题连接https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-palindromic-subsequence/
public static int lpsl1(String s) {
if (s == null || s.length() == 0) {
return 0;
}
char[] str = s.toCharArray();
return f(str, 0, str.length - 1);
}
// str[L..R]最长回文子序列长度返回
public static int f(char[] str, int L, int R) {
if (L == R) {
return 1;
}
if (L == R - 1) {
return str[L] == str[R] ? 2 : 1;
}
int p1 = f(str, L + 1, R - 1);
int p2 = f(str, L, R - 1);
int p3 = f(str, L + 1, R);
int p4 = str[L] != str[R] ? 0 : (2 + f(str, L + 1, R - 1));
return Math.max(Math.max(p1, p2), Math.max(p3, p4));
}
动态规划：
public static int lpsl2(String s) {
if (s == null || s.length() == 0) {
return 0;
}
char[] str = s.toCharArray();
int N = str.length;
int[][] dp = new int[N][N];
dp[N - 1][N - 1] = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < N - 1; i++) {
dp[i][i] = 1;
dp[i][i + 1] = str[i] == str[i + 1] ? 2 : 1;
}
for (int L = N - 3; L >= 0; L--) {
for (int R = L + 2; R < N; R++) {
dp[L][R] = Math.max(dp[L][R - 1], dp[L + 1][R]);
if (str[L] == str[R]) {
dp[L][R] = Math.max(dp[L][R], 2 + dp[L + 1][R - 1]);
}
}
}
return dp[0][N - 1];
}题2： 棋盘跳马
// 当前来到的位置是（x,y）
// 还剩下rest步需要跳
// 跳完rest步，正好跳到a，b的方法数是多少？
// 10 * 9
public static int jump(int a, int b, int k) {
return process(0, 0, k, a, b);
}
public static int process(int x, int y, int rest, int a, int b) {
if (x < 0 || x > 9 || y < 0 || y > 8) {
return 0;
}
if (rest == 0) {
return (x == a && y == b) ? 1 : 0;
}
int ways = process(x + 2, y + 1, rest - 1, a, b);
ways += process(x + 1, y + 2, rest - 1, a, b);
ways += process(x - 1, y + 2, rest - 1, a, b);
ways += process(x - 2, y + 1, rest - 1, a, b);
ways += process(x - 2, y - 1, rest - 1, a, b);
ways += process(x - 1, y - 2, rest - 1, a, b);
ways += process(x + 1, y - 2, rest - 1, a, b);
ways += process(x + 2, y - 1, rest - 1, a, b);
return ways;
} 
动态规划：
public static int dp(int a, int b, int k) {
int[][][] dp = new int[10][9][k + 1];
dp[a][b][0] = 1;
for (int rest = 1; rest <= k; rest++) {
for (int x = 0; x < 10; x++) {
for (int y = 0; y < 9; y++) {
int ways = pick(dp, x + 2, y + 1, rest - 1);
ways += pick(dp, x + 1, y + 2, rest - 1);
ways += pick(dp, x - 1, y + 2, rest - 1);
ways += pick(dp, x - 2, y + 1, rest - 1);
ways += pick(dp, x - 2, y - 1, rest - 1);
ways += pick(dp, x - 1, y - 2, rest - 1);
ways += pick(dp, x + 1, y - 2, rest - 1);
ways += pick(dp, x + 2, y - 1, rest - 1);
dp[x][y][rest] = ways;
}
}
}
return dp[0][0][k];
}
//越界处理
public static int pick(int[][][] dp, int x, int y, int rest) {
if (x < 0 || x > 9 || y < 0 || y > 8) {
return 0;
}
return dp[x][y][rest];
}题3：泡咖啡
法1
// 彻底的暴力
public static int right(int[] arr, int n, int a, int b) {
int[] times = new int[arr.length];
int[] drink = new int[n];
return forceMake(arr, times, 0, drink, n, a, b);
}
// 每个人暴力尝试用每一个咖啡机给自己做咖啡
public static int forceMake(int[] arr, int[] times, int kth, int[] drink, int n, int a, int b) {
if (kth == n) {
int[] drinkSorted = Arrays.copyOf(drink, kth);
Arrays.sort(drinkSorted);
return forceWash(drinkSorted, a, b, 0, 0, 0);
}
int time = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
int work = arr[i];
int pre = times[i];
drink[kth] = pre + work;
times[i] = pre + work;
time = Math.min(time, forceMake(arr, times, kth + 1, drink, n, a, b));
drink[kth] = 0;
times[i] = pre;
}
return time;
}
public static int forceWash(int[] drinks, int a, int b, int index, int washLine, int time) {
if (index == drinks.length) {
return time;
}
// 选择一：当前index号咖啡杯，选择用洗咖啡机刷干净
int wash = Math.max(drinks[index], washLine) + a;
int ans1 = forceWash(drinks, a, b, index + 1, wash, Math.max(wash, time));
// 选择二：当前index号咖啡杯，选择自然挥发
int dry = drinks[index] + b;
int ans2 = forceWash(drinks, a, b, index + 1, washLine, Math.max(dry, time));
return Math.min(ans1, ans2);
}
法2
// 以下为贪心+优良暴力
public static class Machine {
public int timePoint;
public int workTime;
public Machine(int t, int w) {
timePoint = t;
workTime = w;
}
}
public static class MachineComparator implements Comparator<Machine> {
@Override
public int compare(Machine o1, Machine o2) {
return (o1.timePoint + o1.workTime) - (o2.timePoint + o2.workTime);
}
}
// 优良一点的暴力尝试的方法
public static int minTime1(int[] arr, int n, int a, int b) {
PriorityQueue<Machine> heap = new PriorityQueue<Machine>(new MachineComparator());
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
heap.add(new Machine(0, arr[i]));
}
int[] drinks = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
Machine cur = heap.poll();
cur.timePoint += cur.workTime;
drinks[i] = cur.timePoint;
heap.add(cur);
}
return bestTime(drinks, a, b, 0, 0);
}
// drinks 所有杯子可以开始洗的时间
// wash 单杯洗干净的时间（串行）
// air 挥发干净的时间(并行)
// free 洗的机器什么时候可用
// drinks[index.....]都变干净，最早的结束时间（返回）
public static int bestTime(int[] drinks, int wash, int air, int index, int free) {
if (index == drinks.length) {
return 0;
}
// index号杯子 决定洗
int selfClean1 = Math.max(drinks[index], free) + wash;
int restClean1 = bestTime(drinks, wash, air, index + 1, selfClean1);
int p1 = Math.max(selfClean1, restClean1);
// index号杯子 决定挥发
int selfClean2 = drinks[index] + air;
int restClean2 = bestTime(drinks, wash, air, index + 1, free);
int p2 = Math.max(selfClean2, restClean2);
return Math.min(p1, p2);
}法3
// 贪心+优良尝试改成动态规划
public static int minTime2(int[] arr, int n, int a, int b) {
PriorityQueue<Machine> heap = new PriorityQueue<Machine>(new MachineComparator());
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
heap.add(new Machine(0, arr[i]));
}
int[] drinks = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
Machine cur = heap.poll();
cur.timePoint += cur.workTime;
drinks[i] = cur.timePoint;
heap.add(cur);
}
return bestTimeDp(drinks, a, b);
}
public static int bestTimeDp(int[] drinks, int wash, int air) {
int N = drinks.length;
int maxFree = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < drinks.length; i++) {
maxFree = Math.max(maxFree, drinks[i]) + wash;
}
int[][] dp = new int[N + 1][maxFree + 1];
for (int index = N - 1; index >= 0; index--) {
for (int free = 0; free <= maxFree; free++) {
int selfClean1 = Math.max(drinks[index], free) + wash;
if (selfClean1 > maxFree) {
break; // 因为后面的也都不用填了
}
// index号杯子 决定洗
int restClean1 = dp[index + 1][selfClean1];
int p1 = Math.max(selfClean1, restClean1);
// index号杯子 决定挥发
int selfClean2 = drinks[index] + air;
int restClean2 = dp[index + 1][free];
int p2 = Math.max(selfClean2, restClean2);
dp[index][free] = Math.min(p1, p2);
}
}
return dp[0][0];
}
题4：最小距离和
public static int minPathSum1(int[][] m) {
if (m == null || m.length == 0 || m[0] == null || m[0].length == 0) {
return 0;
}
int row = m.length;
int col = m[0].length;
int[][] dp = new int[row][col];
dp[0][0] = m[0][0];
for (int i = 1; i < row; i++) {
dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + m[i][0];
}
for (int j = 1; j < col; j++) {
dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + m[0][j];
}
for (int i = 1; i < row; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j < col; j++) {
dp[i][j] = Math.min(dp[i - 1][j], dp[i][j - 1]) + m[i][j];
}
}
return dp[row - 1][col - 1];
}
把二维的变一维的，节省空间
public static int minPathSum2(int[][] m) {
if (m == null || m.length == 0 || m[0] == null || m[0].length == 0) {
return 0;
}
int row = m.length;
int col = m[0].length;
int[] dp = new int[col];
dp[0] = m[0][0];
for (int j = 1; j < col; j++) {
dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + m[0][j];
}
for (int i = 1; i < row; i++) {
dp[0] += m[i][0];
for (int j = 1; j < col; j++) {
dp[j] = Math.min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + m[i][j];
}
}
return dp[col - 1];
}
小技巧
题5：货币
public static int coinWays(int[] arr, int aim) {
return process(arr, 0, aim);
}
// arr[index....] 组成正好rest这么多的钱，有几种方法
public static int process(int[] arr, int index, int rest) {
if (rest < 0) {
return 0;
}
if (index == arr.length) { // 没钱了！
return rest == 0 ? 1 : 0;
} else {
return process(arr, index + 1, rest) + process(arr, index + 1, rest - arr[index]);
}
}递归改动态规划：
public static int dp(int[] arr, int aim) {
if (aim == 0) {
return 1;
}
int N = arr.length;
int[][] dp = new int[N + 1][aim + 1];
dp[N][0] = 1;
for (int index = N - 1; index >= 0; index--) {
for (int rest = 0; rest <= aim; rest++) {
dp[index][rest] = dp[index + 1][rest] + (rest - arr[index] >= 0 ? dp[index + 1][rest - arr[index]] : 0);
}
}
return dp[0][aim];
}题6：货币2
public static int coinsWay(int[] arr, int aim) {
if (arr == null || arr.length == 0 || aim < 0) {
return 0;
}
return process(arr, 0, aim);
}
// arr[index....] 所有的面值，每一个面值都可以任意选择张数，组成正好rest这么多钱，方法数多少？
public static int process(int[] arr, int index, int rest) {
if (index == arr.length) { // 没钱了
return rest == 0 ? 1 : 0;
}
int ways = 0;
for (int zhang = 0; zhang * arr[index] <= rest; zhang++) {
ways += process(arr, index + 1, rest - (zhang * arr[index]));
}
return ways;
}改动态规划
public static int dp1(int[] arr, int aim) {
if (arr == null || arr.length == 0 || aim < 0) {
return 0;
}
int N = arr.length;
int[][] dp = new int[N + 1][aim + 1];
dp[N][0] = 1;
for (int index = N - 1; index >= 0; index--) {
for (int rest = 0; rest <= aim; rest++) {
int ways = 0;
for (int zhang = 0; zhang * arr[index] <= rest; zhang++) {
ways += dp[index + 1][rest - (zhang * arr[index])];
}
dp[index][rest] = ways;
}
}
return dp[0][aim];
}画出格子图后优化
public static int dp2(int[] arr, int aim) {
if (arr == null || arr.length == 0 || aim < 0) {
return 0;
}
int N = arr.length;
int[][] dp = new int[N + 1][aim + 1];
dp[N][0] = 1;
for (int index = N - 1; index >= 0; index--) {
for (int rest = 0; rest <= aim; rest++) {
dp[index][rest] = dp[index + 1][rest];
if (rest - arr[index] >= 0) {
dp[index][rest] += dp[index][rest - arr[index]];
}
}
}
return dp[0][aim];
}题7：货币3
准备一些方法
public static class Info {
public int[] coins;
public int[] zhangs;
public Info(int[] c, int[] z) {
coins = c;
zhangs = z;
}
}
public static Info getInfo(int[] arr) {
HashMap<Integer, Integer> counts = new HashMap<>();
for (int value : arr) {
if (!counts.containsKey(value)) {
counts.put(value, 1);
} else {
counts.put(value, counts.get(value) + 1);
}
}
int N = counts.size();
int[] coins = new int[N];
int[] zhangs = new int[N];
int index = 0;
for (Entry<Integer, Integer> entry : counts.entrySet()) {
coins[index] = entry.getKey();
zhangs[index++] = entry.getValue();
}
return new Info(coins, zhangs);
}暴力递归
public static int coinsWay(int[] arr, int aim) {
if (arr == null || arr.length == 0 || aim < 0) {
return 0;
}
Info info = getInfo(arr);
return process(info.coins, info.zhangs, 0, aim);
}
// coins 面值数组，正数且去重
// zhangs 每种面值对应的张数
public static int process(int[] coins, int[] zhangs, int index, int rest) {
if (index == coins.length) {
return rest == 0 ? 1 : 0;
}
int ways = 0;
for (int zhang = 0; zhang * coins[index] <= rest && zhang <= zhangs[index]; zhang++) {
ways += process(coins, zhangs, index + 1, rest - (zhang * coins[index]));
}
return ways;
}动态规划
public static int dp1(int[] arr, int aim) {
if (arr == null || arr.length == 0 || aim < 0) {
return 0;
}
Info info = getInfo(arr);
int[] coins = info.coins;
int[] zhangs = info.zhangs;
int N = coins.length;
int[][] dp = new int[N + 1][aim + 1];
dp[N][0] = 1;
for (int index = N - 1; index >= 0; index--) {
for (int rest = 0; rest <= aim; rest++) {
int ways = 0;
for (int zhang = 0; zhang * coins[index] <= rest && zhang <= zhangs[index]; zhang++) {
ways += dp[index + 1][rest - (zhang * coins[index])];
}
dp[index][rest] = ways;
}
}
return dp[0][aim];
}优化版本
public static int dp2(int[] arr, int aim) {
if (arr == null || arr.length == 0 || aim < 0) {
return 0;
}
Info info = getInfo(arr);
int[] coins = info.coins;
int[] zhangs = info.zhangs;
int N = coins.length;
int[][] dp = new int[N + 1][aim + 1];
dp[N][0] = 1;
for (int index = N - 1; index >= 0; index--) {
for (int rest = 0; rest <= aim; rest++) {
dp[index][rest] = dp[index + 1][rest];
if (rest - coins[index] >= 0) {
dp[index][rest] += dp[index][rest - coins[index]];
}
if (rest - coins[index] * (zhangs[index] + 1) >= 0) {
dp[index][rest] -= dp[index + 1][rest - coins[index] * (zhangs[index] + 1)];
}
}
}
return dp[0][aim];
} 题8：生存概率
public static double livePosibility1(int row, int col, int k, int N, int M) {
return (double) process(row, col, k, N, M) / Math.pow(4, k);
}
// 目前在row，col位置，还有rest步要走，走完了如果还在棋盘中就获得1个生存点，返回总的生存点数
public static long process(int row, int col, int rest, int N, int M) {
if (row < 0 || row == N || col < 0 || col == M) {
return 0;
}
// 还在棋盘中！
if (rest == 0) {
return 1;
}
// 还在棋盘中！还有步数要走
long up = process(row - 1, col, rest - 1, N, M);
long down = process(row + 1, col, rest - 1, N, M);
long left = process(row, col - 1, rest - 1, N, M);
long right = process(row, col + 1, rest - 1, N, M);
return up + down + left + right;
}动态规划：
public static double livePosibility2(int row, int col, int k, int N, int M) {
long[][][] dp = new long[N][M][k + 1];
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < M; j++) {
dp[i][j][0] = 1;
}
}
for (int rest = 1; rest <= k; rest++) {
for (int r = 0; r < N; r++) {
for (int c = 0; c < M; c++) {
dp[r][c][rest] = pick(dp, N, M, r - 1, c, rest - 1);
dp[r][c][rest] += pick(dp, N, M, r + 1, c, rest - 1);
dp[r][c][rest] += pick(dp, N, M, r, c - 1, rest - 1);
dp[r][c][rest] += pick(dp, N, M, r, c + 1, rest - 1);
}
}
}
return (double) dp[row][col][k] / Math.pow(4, k);
}
public static long pick(long[][][] dp, int N, int M, int r, int c, int rest) {
if (r < 0 || r == N || c < 0 || c == M) {
return 0;
}
return dp[r][c][rest];
}
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