前言
- 如果要传递较为复杂的数据结构,在前台组合起来后传递到后台的话,需要使用@RequestBody
- 比如,我们在查询的时候需要限制开始行和查询个数,可以将这两个参数封装成分页参数类 PageParams ,然后将其作为属性添加到要查询的类中
- 比如,我们查询用户时,需要查询用户名和用户角色名,可以将这两个参数封装到用户实体类中
需求分析
用户的基本信息,如用户id,用户名和用户密码,放在User类中,对应一个User数据库表
用户的角色信息,如角色id,角色名,放在Role类中,对应一个Role数据库表
此时如果直接使用形参名对应属性名,是无法进行传参的,此时需要借助@RequestBody注解
案例场景
@RequestBody案例实战
准备工作
创建一个JavaWeb项目,添加相应的依赖,配置pom.xml、web.xml和springmvc.xml:
pom.xml
<!--添加依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.3.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.6.3</version>
</dependency>
<!--添加插件-->
<build>
<finalName>springmvc_1010</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
<artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>9.3.14.v20161028</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
<configuration>
<port>8080</port>
<path>/</path>
<uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>
<server>tomcat7</server>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app
version="4.0"
xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:javaee="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
web服务器启动后,首先会读取web.xml的配置文件,当读取到我们配置的springmvc拦截配置,就会拦截前端所有请求,交给springmvc处理。
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>的*.do的作用是给所有的http请求起个后缀,以便区分前台请求和静态资源.
springmvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.1.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.csx"/>
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" p:prefix="/" p:suffix=".jsp"/>
</beans>
- 开启扫描包配置
- 开启springmvc注解
- 配置视图解析器
创建实体类
Role:
public class Role implements Serializable {
private int roleId;
private String roleName;
public int getRoleId() {
return roleId;
}
public void setRoleId(int roleId) {
this.roleId = roleId;
}
public String getRoleName() {
return roleName;
}
public void setRoleName(String roleName) {
this.roleName = roleName;
}
}
User:
public class User implements Serializable {
private Integer user_id;
private String user_name;
private String password;
private Role role=null;
public Integer getUser_id() {
return user_id;
}
public void setUser_id(Integer user_id) {
this.user_id = user_id;
}
public String getUser_name() {
return user_name;
}
public void setUser_name(String user_name) {
this.user_name = user_name;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public Role getRole() {
return role;
}
public void setRole(Role role) {
this.role = role;
}
}
将Role role设置为null的目的,是为了给role对象初始化一个值,以便前端可以传入数据。
书写Controller
UserController
@Controller
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("/getUserRole")
public ModelAndView getUserRole(@RequestBody User user){
System.out.println("用户名:"+user.getUser_name());
System.out.println("用户角色名:"+user.getRole().getRoleName());
List<User> list =new ArrayList<>();
User user1 = new User();
user1.setUser_id(1);
user1.setUser_name("ddd");
user1.setPassword("555");
User user2 = new User();
user2.setUser_id(2);
user2.setUser_name("eee");
user2.setPassword("666");
User user3 = new User();
user3.setUser_id(3);
user3.setUser_name("fffd");
user3.setPassword("666");
list.add(user1);
list.add(user2);
list.add(user3);
ModelAndView mv =new ModelAndView();
mv.addObject("list",list);
mv.setView(new MappingJackson2JsonView());
return mv;
}
}
- 使用@RequestBody注解,用于与前端传入的数据进行绑定(前端传入的是字符串)
- 使用ModelAndView的addObject方法进行数据绑定,将数据存储到requet域中
- 使用ModelAndView的setView方法,设置返回数据类型为Json
书写前端页面
reqParam.jsp
需要使用到JQuery,所以要导入相应的JS文件,可以使用网络JS或本地JS,这里我使用的是本地JS
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: 21038
Date: 2024/10/10
Time: 10:37
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
<script src="/js/jquery-1.8.3.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
</head>
<body>
<>
<script>
$(function (){
var reqData={
user_name:'孙悟空',
password:'123',
role:{
roleId:1,
roleName:"齐天大圣"
}
};
$.ajax({
url:'getUserRole.do',
type:'POST',
contentType:'application/json',
data:JSON.stringify(reqData),
success:function (result){
console.log(result);
}
})
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
测试
配置服务器启动
点击Edit Configurations
点击左上角+号,找到Maven,配置Run中的服务器,如jetty:run或tomcat7:run
运行项目
访问http://localhost:8080/reqParam.jsp
查看浏览器控制台
查看后端控制台: