C#第三版+郑阿奇 实验2-3，2-4，2-5

实验一

1. 实验目的

1. 熟练掌握C#的各种数据类型，以及常量、变量的表达形式。

2. 熟练掌握C#的运算符和表达式。

3. 熟练掌握C#的语句，会使用顺序、选择、循环等语句结构编写程序。

4. 熟练掌握C#的数组，学会数组的定义、初始化，以及数组的应用。

5. 初步了解类、对象、方法、接口等最基本的面向对象语言的要素。

2. 实验内容

①实验2-3

编程进行卡布列克运算。所谓卡布列克运算，是指任意一个4位数，只要它们各个位上的数字不全相同，就有这样的规律：

(1)把组成这个4位数的4个数字由大到小排列，形成由这4个数字构成的最大的4位数；

(2)把组成这个4位数的4个数字由小到大排列，形成由这4个数字构成的最小的4位数(如果4个数字中含有0，则此数不足4位)；

(3)求出以上两数之差，得到一个新的4位数。

重复以上过程，最后的结果总是6174。

例如：当n=2456时，程序运行结果如图T2.3所示。

3. 完善程序

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace shiyan2_3._1

{

class Program

{

static void Main(string[] args)

{

Console.Write("请输入一个四位数的整数：");

string s = Console.ReadLine();

int num = Convert.ToInt32(s);

int[] each = new int[4];

int max, min, i, j, temp;

while (num != 6174 && num != 0)

{

i = 0;

while (num != 0)

{

each[i++] = num % 10;

num = num / 10;

}

for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)

{

for (j = 0; j < 3 - i; j++)

{

if (each[j] > each[j + 1])

{

temp = each[j];

each[j] = each[j + 1];

each[j + 1] = temp;

}

}

}

min = each[0] * 1000 + each[1] * 100 + each[2] * 10 + each[3];

max = each[3] * 1000 + each[2] * 100 + each[1] * 10 + each[0];

num = max - min;

Console.WriteLine("{0}-{1}={2}", max, min, num);

}

Console.Read();

}

}

}

实验结果

4. 自己练习

5. 修改程序，对输入字符串中的每个字符进行判断，只有输入的4个字符全为数字，方可继续执行。

6. 修改程序把输入字符串中的4个数字直接保存到数组中。

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace shiyan2_3._1

{

class Program

{

public static bool testInput(string s)

{

for(int n=0; n<s.Length;n++)

{

if (!Char.IsNumber(s[n]))

return false;

}

return true;

}

static void Main(string[] args)

{

Console.Write("请输入一个四位数的整数：");

string s = Console.ReadLine();

char[] array = new char[s.Length];

for (int m = 0; m < s.Length; m++)

array[m] = s[m];

while (!testInput(s))

{

Console.WriteLine("输入错误，请重新输入4位整数");

s = Console.ReadLine();

}

int num = Convert.ToInt32(s);

int[] each = new int[4];

int max, min, i, j, temp;

while (num != 6174 && num != 0)

{

i = 0;

while (num != 0)

{

each[i++] = num % 10;

num = num / 10;

}

for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)

{

for (j = 0; j < 3 - i; j++)

{

if (each[j] > each[j + 1])

{

temp = each[j];

each[j] = each[j + 1];

each[j + 1] = temp;

}

}

}

min = each[0] * 1000 + each[1] * 100 + each[2] * 10 + each[3];

max = each[3] * 1000 + each[2] * 100 + each[1] * 10 + each[0];

num = max - min;

Console.WriteLine("{0}-{1}={2}", max, min, num);

}

Console.Read();

}

}

}

实验结果

②实验2-4

7. 阅读下列程序：

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Test2_4

{

class CRect

{

private int top, bottom, left, right;

public static int total_rects = 0;

public static long total_rect_area = 0;

public CRect()

{

left = top = right = bottom = 0;

total_rects++;

total_rect_area += getHeight() * getWidth();

Console.WriteLine("CRect() Constructing rectangle number {0}", total_rects);

Console.WriteLine("Total rectangle areas is:{0}", total_rect_area);

}

public CRect(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)

{

left = x1; top = y1;

right = x2; bottom = y2;

total_rects++;

total_rect_area += getHeight() * getWidth();

Console.WriteLine("CRect(int,int,int,int) Constructing rectangle number {0}", total_rects);

Console.WriteLine("Total rectangle area is:{0}", total_rect_area);

}

public CRect(CRect r)

{

left = r.left; right = r.right;

top = r.top; bottom = r.bottom;

total_rects++;

total_rect_area += getHeight() * getWidth();

Console.WriteLine("CRect(CRect&) Constructing rectangle number {0}", total_rects);

Console.WriteLine("Total rectangle area is : {0}", total_rect_area);

}

public int getHeight()

{

return top > bottom ? top - bottom : bottom - top;

}

public int getWidth()

{

return right > left ? right - left : left - right;

}

public static int getTotalRects()

{

return total_rects;

}

public static long getTotalRectArea()

{

return total_rect_area;

}

}

class Test2_4

{

static void Main(string[] args)

{

CRect rectl = new CRect(1, 3, 6, 4), rect2 = new CRect(rectl);

Console.Write("Rectangle2: Height: {0}", rect2.getHeight());

Console.WriteLine(", Width: {0}", rect2.getWidth());

{//注释(1)

CRect rect3 = new CRect();

Console.Write("Rectangle3: Height: {0}", rect3.getHeight());

Console.WriteLine(", Width: {0}", rect3.getWidth());

}// 注释（2）

Console.Write("total_rects={0},", CRect.total_rects);

Console.WriteLine("total_rects_area={0}", CRect.total_rect_area);

Console.Read();

}

}

}

实验结果

8. 自己思考

9. 分析静态成员total_rects和total_rect_area的值及构造函数的调用次序。

答：①CRect rectl = new CRect(1, 3, 6, 4), rect2 = new CRect(rectl);

首先调用了public CRect(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)函数，在内部同时调用了 public int getHeight()和public int getWidth()，此时total rects为1, toatl rect areas为 5;

②接着调用了public CRect(CRect r)，同样也调用了 public int getHeight()和public int getWidth()，此时 total_rects 为2，total_rect_areas为10。

③Console.Write("Rectangle2: Height: {0}", rect2.getHeight());

Console.WriteLine(", Width: {0}", rect2.getWidth());

调用了 public int getHeight()和public int getWidth(),此时 total_rects为2,total rect areas 为 10。

④CRect rect3 = new CRect();

调用了public CRect(CRect r)，同样也调用了 public int getHeight()和public int getWidth()，此时 total_rects为3，total_rect_areas为10。

⑤ Console.Write("Rectangle3: Height: {0}", rect3.getHeight());

Console.WriteLine(", Width: {0}", rect3.getWidth());

调用了public int getHeight()和public int getWidth()，此时 total_rects为3，total_rect_areas=10

⑥ Console.Write("total_rects={0},", CRect.total_rects);

Console.WriteLine("total_rects_area={0}", CRect.total_rect_area);

调用了public static int getTotalRects()和public static long getTotalRectArea()，此时total_rects为3, total_rect_areas为10。

③实验2_5

编写IEnglishDimensions 和 IMetricDimensions 两个接口，同时分别以公制单位和英制单位显示框的尺寸。Box 类继承 IEnglishDimensions和IMetricDimensions两个接口，它们表示不同的度量衡系统。两个接口有相同的成员名Length和Width。

10. 跟着学习

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Test2_5

{

interface IEnglishDimensions

{

float Length();

float Width();

}

interface IMetricDimensions

{

float Length();

float Width();

}

class Box : IEnglishDimensions, IMetricDimensions

{

float lengthInches;

float widthInches;

public Box(float length, float width)

{

lengthInches = length;

widthInches = width;

}

float IEnglishDimensions.Length()

{

return lengthInches;

}

float IEnglishDimensions.Width()

{

return widthInches;

}

float IMetricDimensions.Length()

{

return lengthInches * 2.54f;

}

float IMetricDimensions.Width()

{

return widthInches * 2.54f;

}

static void Main(string[] args)

{

Box myBox = new Box(30.0f, 20.0f);

IEnglishDimensions eDimensions = (IEnglishDimensions)myBox;

IMetricDimensions mDimensions = (IMetricDimensions)myBox;

Console.WriteLine(" Length(in):{0}", eDimensions.Length());

Console.WriteLine(" Width (in): {0}", eDimensions.Width());

Console.WriteLine(" Length(cm):{0}", mDimensions.Length());

Console.WriteLine(" Width (cm):{0}", mDimensions.Width());

Console.Read();

}

}

}

实验结果

11. 自己思考

12. 用隐式接口实现方法重新实现Box类。

实验代码

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Test2_5

{

interface IEnglishDimensions

{

float Length0();

float Width0();

}

interface IMetricDimensions

{

float Length1();

float Width1();

}

class Box : IEnglishDimensions, IMetricDimensions

{

float lengthInches;

float widthInches;

public Box(float length, float width)

{

lengthInches = length;

widthInches = width;

}

public float Length0()

{

return lengthInches;

}

public float Width0()

{

return widthInches;

}

public float Length1()

{

return lengthInches*2.54f;

}

public float Width1()

{

return widthInches*2.54f;

}

static void Main(string[] args)

{

Box myBox = new Box(30.0f, 20.0f);

Console.WriteLine(" Length(in):{0}", myBox.Length0());

Console.WriteLine(" Width (in): {0}", myBox .Width0());

Console.WriteLine(" Length(cm):{0}", myBox.Length1());

Console.WriteLine(" Width (cm):{0}", myBox.Width1());

Console.Read();

}

}

}

实验结果

2.比较显式接口实现和隐式接口实现的异同。

答：隐示实现对象声明为接口和类都可以访问到其行为，显示实现只有声明为接口可以访问：隐式和显式接口实现的关键区别显然并不在于方法声明，而是在于从类外部的可访问性。