文章目录
一、Nginx实现负载均衡原理
Nginx实现负载均衡是通过反向代理实现
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Nginx服务器作为前端,Tomcat服务器作为后端,web页面请求由Nginx服务来进行转发。
但是不是把所有的web请求转发,而是将静态页面请求Nginx服务器自己来处理,动态页面请求,转发给后端的Tomcat服务器来处理。 -
Tomcat是属于轻量级的应用服务器,可接受访问量可能会不足,所以需要多台Tomcat服务器,然后通过Nginx配置权重来进行挑选Tomcat服务器去进行处理,负载均衡的一种策略。
二、Nginx静态处理优势
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Nginx处理静态页面的效率远高于Tomcat的处理能力
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若Tomcat的请求量为1000次,则Nginx的请求量为6000次
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Tomcat每秒的吞吐量为0.6M,Nginx的每秒吞吐量为3 .6M
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Nginx处理静态资源的能力是Tomcat处理的6倍
三、Nginx+Tomcat负载均衡、动静分离
实验准备
Nginx:20.0.0.7
Tomcat1:20.0.0.12
Tomcat2:20.0.0.5
1、部署Nginx 负载均衡器
1. #关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0
2. #安装依赖关系包
yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make
3. #新建用户和组便于管理
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
4. #切换至opt目录,将下载好的压缩包传进来解压
cd /opt
tar -zxf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
4. #切换至解压后的目录下编译
cd nginx-1.12.0
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module
5. #安装
make && make install -j4
6. #做软连接,让系统识别nginx的操作命令
ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/
7. #将nginx命令加入服务
cd /lib/systemd/system
vim nginx.service
#!/bin.bash
[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/usr/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
8. #重新加载单元然后启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start nginx
9. #查看是否成功启动
ss -ntap|grep nginx
浏览器输入:http://20.0.0.7
2、部署第一台Tomcat
##关闭防火墙,将安装 Tomcat 所需软件包传到/opt目录下
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
##安装JDK
cd /opt
rpm -qpl jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm
rpm -ivh jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm
java -version
##设置JDK环境变量
vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile.d/java.sh
java -version
##安装启动Tomcat
cd /opt
tar zxvf apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz
mv apache-tomcat-9.0.16 /usr/local/tomcat
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
netstat -natp | grep 8080
动静分离配置
mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/run
vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/run/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP test2 page</title>
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("动态页面1,http://www.he.com");%>
</body>
</html>
vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
<host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
<Context docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/run" path="" reloadable="true" />
</host>
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
3、部署第二台Tomcat
mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/run
vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/lic/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP test2 page</title>
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("动态页面2,http://www.test.com");%>
</body>
</html>
vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
<Context docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/run" path="" reloadable="true" />
</Host>
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
4、Nginx server 配置
#准备静态页面和静态图片
echo '<html><body><h1>这是默认目录静态页面</h1></body></html>' > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html
mkdir /usr/local/nginx/html/kiki
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
......
http {
......
#gzip on;
upstream tomcat_server {
server 20.0.0.5:8080 weight=1;
server 20.0.0.5:8080 weight=1;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.run.com;
charset utf-8;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
###配置Nginx处理动态页面请求,将 .jsp文件请求转发到Tomcat 服务器处理
location ~ .*.jsp$ {
proxy_pass http://tomcat_server;
proxy_set_header HOST $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
#配置Nginx处理静态图片请求
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|css)$ {
root /usr/local/nginx/html/kiki;
expires 10d;
}
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
......