目录
前言
在内网或者没有网络环境的情况下，无法使用yum或者apt命令来进行安装软件和依赖，其实yum和apt提供了获取离线软件包的方式；可在联网环境把软件包及其依赖事先下载好，然后上传到内网环境中进行软件包安装。
一、基于yum包管理器的银河麒麟服务器操作系统
（一）获取方法
使用yum命令通过参数downloadonly 和 downloaddir 来下载离线软件包
# downloadonly 只会下载软件包，不会进行安装
# downloaddir 指定下载软件包的存放目录
yum -y install --downloadonly --downloaddir=保存目录 package-name
如在银河麒麟服务器操作系统2403上获取nginx离线软件包：
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/.kyinfo
[dist]
name=Kylin-Server
milestone=V10
arch=x86_64
beta=False
time=2024-05-08 10:33:19
dist_id=Kylin-Server-V10-SP3-2403-Release-20240426-x86_64-2024-05-08 10:33:19
[servicekey]
key=0415040
[os]
to=
term=2025-09-01
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root/nginx nginx
Last metadata expiration check: 1:43:13 ago on 2025年04月15日 星期二 08时48分36秒.
Dependencies resolved.
=====================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=====================================================================================================================================
Installing:
nginx x86_64 1:1.21.5-5.p04.ky10 ks10-adv-updates 495 k
Installing dependencies:
gperftools-libs x86_64 2.8-1.p01.ky10 ks10-adv-updates 265 k
nginx-all-modules noarch 1:1.21.5-5.p04.ky10 ks10-adv-updates 8.4 k
nginx-filesystem noarch 1:1.21.5-5.p04.ky10 ks10-adv-updates 9.4 k
nginx-mod-http-image-filter x86_64 1:1.21.5-5.p04.ky10 ks10-adv-updates 18 k
nginx-mod-http-perl x86_64 1:1.21.5-5.p04.ky10 ks10-adv-updates 27 k
nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter x86_64 1:1.21.5-5.p04.ky10 ks10-adv-updates 16 k
nginx-mod-mail x86_64 1:1.21.5-5.p04.ky10 ks10-adv-updates 49 k
nginx-mod-stream x86_64 1:1.21.5-5.p04.ky10 ks10-adv-updates 71 k
Transaction Summary
=====================================================================================================================================
Install 9 Packages
Total download size: 959 k
Installed size: 3.2 M
YUM will only download packages for the transaction.
Downloading Packages:
(1/9): nginx-all-modules-1.21.5-5.p04.ky10.noarch.rpm 64 kB/s | 8.4 kB 00:00
(2/9): nginx-filesystem-1.21.5-5.p04.ky10.noarch.rpm 245 kB/s | 9.4 kB 00:00
(3/9): nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.21.5-5.p04.ky10.x86_64.rpm 375 kB/s | 18 kB 00:00
(4/9): gperftools-libs-2.8-1.p01.ky10.x86_64.rpm 1.1 MB/s | 265 kB 00:00
(5/9): nginx-mod-http-perl-1.21.5-5.p04.ky10.x86_64.rpm 664 kB/s | 27 kB 00:00
(6/9): nginx-1.21.5-5.p04.ky10.x86_64.rpm 1.8 MB/s | 495 kB 00:00
(7/9): nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.21.5-5.p04.ky10.x86_64.rpm 400 kB/s | 16 kB 00:00
(8/9): nginx-mod-mail-1.21.5-5.p04.ky10.x86_64.rpm 1.2 MB/s | 49 kB 00:00
(9/9): nginx-mod-stream-1.21.5-5.p04.ky10.x86_64.rpm 714 kB/s | 71 kB 00:00
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 2.5 MB/s | 959 kB 00:00
Kylin Linux Advanced Server 10 - Updates 1.4 MB/s | 1.7 kB 00:00
Importing GPG key 0x7A486D9F:
Userid : "NeoKylin (release key) <support@cs2c.com.cn>"
Fingerprint: B814 9E68 5286 4585 CE41 143B 41F8 AEBE 7A48 6D9F
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-kylin
Key imported successfully
Complete!
The downloaded packages were saved in cache until the next successful transaction.
You can remove cached packages by executing 'yum clean packages'.
[root@localhost ~]# cd /root/nginx/
[root@localhost nginx]# ls
gperftools-libs-2.8-1.p01.ky10.x86_64.rpm nginx-mod-http-perl-1.21.5-5.p04.ky10.x86_64.rpm
nginx-1.21.5-5.p04.ky10.x86_64.rpm nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.21.5-5.p04.ky10.x86_64.rpm
nginx-all-modules-1.21.5-5.p04.ky10.noarch.rpm nginx-mod-mail-1.21.5-5.p04.ky10.x86_64.rpm
nginx-filesystem-1.21.5-5.p04.ky10.noarch.rpm nginx-mod-stream-1.21.5-5.p04.ky10.x86_64.rpm
nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.21.5-5.p04.ky10.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost nginx]# pwd
/root/nginx
（二）安装验证
使用rpm命令安装下载好的离线rpm包：
[root@localhost nginx]# ls
gperftools-libs-2.8-1.p01.ky10.x86_64.rpm nginx-mod-http-perl-1.21.5-5.p04.ky10.x86_64.rpm
nginx-1.21.5-5.p04.ky10.x86_64.rpm nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.21.5-5.p04.ky10.x86_64.rpm
nginx-all-modules-1.21.5-5.p04.ky10.noarch.rpm nginx-mod-mail-1.21.5-5.p04.ky10.x86_64.rpm
nginx-filesystem-1.21.5-5.p04.ky10.noarch.rpm nginx-mod-stream-1.21.5-5.p04.ky10.x86_64.rpm
nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.21.5-5.p04.ky10.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost nginx]# rpm -ivh *.rpm
Verifying... ################################# [100%]
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:nginx-filesystem-1:1.21.5-5.p04.k################################# [ 11%]
2:gperftools-libs-2.8-1.p01.ky10 ################################# [ 22%]
3:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1:1.2################################# [ 33%]
4:nginx-mod-http-perl-1:1.21.5-5.p0################################# [ 44%]
5:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1:1.21################################# [ 56%]
6:nginx-mod-mail-1:1.21.5-5.p04.ky1################################# [ 67%]
7:nginx-all-modules-1:1.21.5-5.p04.################################# [ 78%]
8:nginx-1:1.21.5-5.p04.ky10 ################################# [ 89%]
9:nginx-mod-stream-1:1.21.5-5.p04.k################################# [100%]
二、基于apt包管理器的银河麒麟桌面操作系统
（一）获取方法
使用apt-get 命令通过 -d 或 --download-only 参数来下载离线安装包
# 获取安装包前清理缓存
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get install -d package-name
# 会把软件包及其所有依赖项下载到 /var/cache/apt/archives/ 目录下如在银河麒麟桌面操作系统2303上获取nginx离线软件包：
deskmedia@deskmedia-pc:~$ cat /etc/.kyinfo
[dist]
name=Kylin
milestone=Desktop-V10-SP1-General-Release-2303
arch=x86_64
beta=False
time=2023-04-27 15:15:13
dist_id=Kylin-Desktop-V10-SP1-General-Release-2303-x86_64-2023-04-27 15:15:13
[servicekey]
key=0279025
[os]
to=
term=2024-08-01
deskmedia@deskmedia-pc:~$ sudo apt-get clean
deskmedia@deskmedia-pc:~$ sudo apt-get install -d nginx
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树
正在读取状态信息... 完成
下列软件包是自动安装的并且现在不需要了：
archdetect-deb dmeventd libaio1 libdebian-installer4 libdevmapper-event1.02.1 liblvm2cmd2.03 localechooser-data lvm2 user-setup
使用'sudo apt autoremove'来卸载它(它们)。
将会同时安装下列软件：
libnginx-mod-http-image-filter libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter libnginx-mod-mail libnginx-mod-stream nginx-common nginx-core
建议安装：
fcgiwrap nginx-doc
下列【新】软件包将被安装：
libnginx-mod-http-image-filter libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter libnginx-mod-mail libnginx-mod-stream nginx nginx-common nginx-core
升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 7 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 480 个软件包未被升级。
需要下载 820 kB 的归档。
解压缩后会消耗 2,141 kB 的额外空间。
您希望继续执行吗？ [Y/n] y
获取:1 http://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL 10.1-2303-updates/main amd64 nginx-common all 1.18.0-0kylin1.4 [68.0 kB]
获取:2 http://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL 10.1-2303-updates/main amd64 libnginx-mod-http-image-filter amd64 1.18.0-0kylin1.4 [44.9 kB]
获取:3 http://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL 10.1-2303-updates/main amd64 libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter amd64 1.18.0-0kylin1.4 [43.1 kB]
获取:4 http://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL 10.1-2303-updates/main amd64 libnginx-mod-mail amd64 1.18.0-0kylin1.4 [73.2 kB]
获取:5 http://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL 10.1-2303-updates/main amd64 libnginx-mod-stream amd64 1.18.0-0kylin1.4 [97.7 kB]
获取:6 http://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL 10.1-2303-updates/main amd64 nginx-core amd64 1.18.0-0kylin1.4 [457 kB]
获取:7 http://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL 10.1-2303-updates/main amd64 nginx all 1.18.0-0kylin1.4 [35.7 kB]
已下载 820 kB，耗时 2秒 (471 kB/s)
于“仅下载”模式中下载完毕
deskmedia@deskmedia-pc:~$ cd /var/cache/apt/archives/
deskmedia@deskmedia-pc:/var/cache/apt/archives$ ls
libnginx-mod-http-image-filter_1.18.0-0kylin1.4_amd64.deb nginx_1.18.0-0kylin1.4_all.deb
libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter_1.18.0-0kylin1.4_amd64.deb nginx-common_1.18.0-0kylin1.4_all.deb
libnginx-mod-mail_1.18.0-0kylin1.4_amd64.deb nginx-core_1.18.0-0kylin1.4_amd64.deb
libnginx-mod-stream_1.18.0-0kylin1.4_amd64.deb partial
lock
deskmedia@deskmedia-pc:/var/cache/apt/archives$（二）安装验证
使用dpkg命令安装下载好的离线deb包：
deskmedia@deskmedia-pc:~/nginx$ ls
libnginx-mod-http-image-filter_1.18.0-0kylin1.4_amd64.deb nginx_1.18.0-0kylin1.4_all.deb
libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter_1.18.0-0kylin1.4_amd64.deb nginx-common_1.18.0-0kylin1.4_all.deb
libnginx-mod-mail_1.18.0-0kylin1.4_amd64.deb nginx-core_1.18.0-0kylin1.4_amd64.deb
libnginx-mod-stream_1.18.0-0kylin1.4_amd64.deb
deskmedia@deskmedia-pc:~/nginx$ sudo dpkg -i *.deb
正在选中未选择的软件包 libnginx-mod-http-image-filter。
(正在读取数据库 ... 系统当前共安装有 201731 个文件和目录。)
准备解压 libnginx-mod-http-image-filter_1.18.0-0kylin1.4_amd64.deb ...
正在解压 libnginx-mod-http-image-filter (1.18.0-0kylin1.4) ...
正在选中未选择的软件包 libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter。
准备解压 libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter_1.18.0-0kylin1.4_amd64.deb ...
正在解压 libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter (1.18.0-0kylin1.4) ...
正在选中未选择的软件包 libnginx-mod-mail。
准备解压 libnginx-mod-mail_1.18.0-0kylin1.4_amd64.deb ...
正在解压 libnginx-mod-mail (1.18.0-0kylin1.4) ...
正在选中未选择的软件包 libnginx-mod-stream。
准备解压 libnginx-mod-stream_1.18.0-0kylin1.4_amd64.deb ...
正在解压 libnginx-mod-stream (1.18.0-0kylin1.4) ...
正在选中未选择的软件包 nginx。
准备解压 nginx_1.18.0-0kylin1.4_all.deb ...
正在解压 nginx (1.18.0-0kylin1.4) ...
正在选中未选择的软件包 nginx-common。
准备解压 nginx-common_1.18.0-0kylin1.4_all.deb ...
正在解压 nginx-common (1.18.0-0kylin1.4) ...
正在选中未选择的软件包 nginx-core。
准备解压 nginx-core_1.18.0-0kylin1.4_amd64.deb ...
正在解压 nginx-core (1.18.0-0kylin1.4) ...
正在设置 nginx-common (1.18.0-0kylin1.4) ...
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
正在设置 libnginx-mod-http-image-filter (1.18.0-0kylin1.4) ...
正在设置 libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter (1.18.0-0kylin1.4) ...
正在设置 libnginx-mod-mail (1.18.0-0kylin1.4) ...
正在设置 libnginx-mod-stream (1.18.0-0kylin1.4) ...
正在设置 nginx-core (1.18.0-0kylin1.4) ...
正在设置 nginx (1.18.0-0kylin1.4) ...
正在处理用于 systemd (245.4-4kylin3.15k0.26) 的触发器 ...
正在处理用于 man-db (2.9.1-1kylin0k1) 的触发器 ...
deskmedia@deskmedia-pc:~/nginx$ systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2025-04-15 11:00:43 CST; 7s ago
Docs: man:nginx(8)
Main PID: 1567125 (nginx)
Tasks: 17 (limit: 19107)
Memory: 15.5M
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─1567125 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on;
├─1567126 nginx: worker process
├─1567127 nginx: worker process
├─1567128 nginx: worker process
├─1567129 nginx: worker process
├─1567130 nginx: worker process
├─1567131 nginx: worker process
├─1567132 nginx: worker process
├─1567133 nginx: worker process
├─1567134 nginx: worker process
├─1567135 nginx: worker process
├─1567136 nginx: worker process
├─1567137 nginx: worker process
├─1567138 nginx: worker process
├─1567139 nginx: worker process
├─1567140 nginx: worker process
└─1567141 nginx: worker process
4月 15 11:00:43 deskmedia-pc systemd[1]: Starting A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server...
4月 15 11:00:43 deskmedia-pc systemd[1]: Started A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server.总结
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