关于MySQL中on和where

上号了大叔

于 2023-08-20 00:15:55 发布

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文章标签： mysql 数据库算法

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_53532169/article/details/132386239

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区别

on是通过关系建立表的时候执行，where是在表生成后对数据进行筛选。

例题

牛客SQL134

drop table if exists examination_info,user_info,exam_record,practice_record;
CREATE TABLE examination_info (
    id int PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '自增ID',
    exam_id int UNIQUE NOT NULL COMMENT '试卷ID',
    tag varchar(32) COMMENT '类别标签',
    difficulty varchar(8) COMMENT '难度',
    duration int NOT NULL COMMENT '时长',
    release_time datetime COMMENT '发布时间'
)CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

CREATE TABLE user_info (
    id int PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '自增ID',
    uid int UNIQUE NOT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',
    `nick_name` varchar(64) COMMENT '昵称',
    achievement int COMMENT '成就值',
    level int COMMENT '用户等级',
    job varchar(32) COMMENT '职业方向',
    register_time datetime COMMENT '注册时间'
)CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

CREATE TABLE practice_record (
    id int PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '自增ID',
    uid int NOT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',
    question_id int NOT NULL COMMENT '题目ID',
    submit_time datetime COMMENT '提交时间',
    score tinyint COMMENT '得分'
)CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

CREATE TABLE exam_record (
    id int PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '自增ID',
    uid int NOT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',
    exam_id int NOT NULL COMMENT '试卷ID',
    start_time datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '开始时间',
    submit_time datetime COMMENT '提交时间',
    score tinyint COMMENT '得分'
)CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

INSERT INTO user_info(uid,`nick_name`,achievement,level,job,register_time) VALUES
  (1001, '牛客1号', 3100, 7, '算法', '2020-01-01 10:00:00'),
  (1002, '牛客2号', 2300, 7, '算法', '2020-01-01 10:00:00'),
  (1003, '牛客3号', 2500, 7, '算法', '2020-01-01 10:00:00'),
  (1004, '牛客4号', 1200, 5, '算法', '2020-01-01 10:00:00'),
  (1005, '牛客5号', 1600, 6, 'C++', '2020-01-01 10:00:00'),
  (1006, '牛客6号', 2000, 6, 'C++', '2020-01-01 10:00:00');

INSERT INTO examination_info(exam_id,tag,difficulty,duration,release_time) VALUES
  (9001, 'SQL', 'hard', 60, '2021-09-01 06:00:00'),
  (9002, 'C++', 'hard', 60, '2021-09-01 06:00:00'),
  (9003, '算法', 'medium', 80, '2021-09-01 10:00:00');

INSERT INTO practice_record(uid,question_id,submit_time,score) VALUES
(1001, 8001, '2021-08-02 11:41:01', 60),
(1002, 8001, '2021-09-02 19:30:01', 50),
(1002, 8001, '2021-09-02 19:20:01', 70),
(1002, 8002, '2021-09-02 19:38:01', 70),
(1004, 8001, '2021-08-02 19:38:01', 70),
(1004, 8002, '2021-08-02 19:48:01', 90),
(1001, 8002, '2021-08-02 19:38:01', 70),
(1004, 8002, '2021-08-02 19:48:01', 90),
(1004, 8002, '2021-08-02 19:58:01', 94),
(1004, 8003, '2021-08-02 19:38:01', 70),
(1004, 8003, '2021-08-02 19:48:01', 90),
(1004, 8003, '2021-08-01 19:38:01', 80);

INSERT INTO exam_record(uid,exam_id,start_time,submit_time,score) VALUES
(1001, 9001, '2021-09-01 09:01:01', '2021-09-01 09:31:00', 81),
(1002, 9002, '2021-09-01 12:01:01', '2021-09-01 12:31:01', 81),
(1003, 9001, '2021-09-01 19:01:01', '2021-09-01 19:40:01', 86),
(1003, 9002, '2021-09-01 12:01:01', '2021-09-01 12:31:51', 89),
(1004, 9001, '2021-09-01 19:01:01', '2021-09-01 19:30:01', 85),
(1005, 9002, '2021-09-01 12:01:01', '2021-09-01 12:31:02', 85),
(1006, 9003, '2021-09-07 10:01:01', '2021-09-07 10:21:01', 84),
(1006, 9001, '2021-09-07 10:01:01', '2021-09-07 10:21:01', 80);

答案

select exam_record.uid,count(distinct exam_id) exam_cnt,count(distinct pr.id) question_cnt
from exam_record
         left join practice_record pr 
             on pr.uid = exam_record.uid and year(exam_record.submit_time) = 2021 and year(pr.submit_time)=2021
where exam_record.uid in (
    select  exam_record.uid
    from exam_record
        join examination_info ei on exam_record.exam_id = ei.exam_id
        join user_info ui on exam_record.uid = ui.uid
    where difficulty = 'hard' and tag = 'SQL'  and level = 7
    group by uid
    having avg(score)>80
)
group by exam_record.uid
order by  exam_cnt,question_cnt desc ;