Javaweb，ServletContext

ServletContext

web容器在启动的时候，它会为每个web程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象，它代表了当前的web应用。

共享数据

每个servlet共享一个servletcontext，我在这个Servlet中保存的数据，可以在另外一个servlet中拿到；

示例：
我们先在HelloServlet中存一个数据username

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //this.getInitParameter() 初始化参数
        //this.getServletConfig() Servlet配置
        //this.getServletContext() Servlet上下文
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String username = "wx"; //数据
        context.setAttribute("username",username);
        //将一个数据保存在了ServletContext中，名字为：username 值 username
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

在GetServlet里获取HelloServlet里存的数据

public class GetServlet extends HelloServlet{
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String username = (String) context.getAttribute("username");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().print("名字"+username);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

然后在web.xml中注册servlet

<servlet>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.wx.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>get</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.wx.servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>get</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/get</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

然后运行Tomcat

先访问GetServlet

我们发现获取到的username是null，因为我们并没有访问HelloServlet存参数
那我们先访问HelloServlet再访问GetServlet

获取初始化参数

现在web.xml中配置一些初始化参数

<!--配置一些web应用初始化参数-->
<context-param>
<param-name>url</param-name>
<param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis</param-value>
</context-param>

新建一个servlet来获取初始化参数

public class ServletDemo03 extends HelloServlet{
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String url = context.getInitParameter("url");
        resp.getWriter().print(url);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

在web.xml中注册这个servlet

<servlet>
        <servlet-name>d3</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.wx.servlet.ServletDemo03</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>d3</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/d3</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

启动Tomcat

请求转发

通过一个servlet来访问另一个servlet

public class ServletDemo04 extends HelloServlet{
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        System.out.println("进入了ServletDemo04");
        //RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher =context.getRequestDispatcher("/gp"); //转发的请求路径
        //requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp); //调用forward实现请求转发；
        context.getRequestDispatcher("/d3").forward(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

注册这个ServletDemo04后启动Tomcat

我们在地址栏访问的是ServletDemo04，内容显示的是ServletDemo03，这里就是将请求转发到ServletDemo03中

读取资源文件

Properties
首先在子servlet的pom中加上

<build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>

然后在java目录下新建properties

然后输入username=root
写好servlet

public class ServletDemo05 extends HttpServlet {
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
                InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/com/wx/servlet/aa.properties");
                Properties prop = new Properties();
                prop.load(is);
                String user = prop.getProperty("username");
                resp.getWriter().print(user);
        }

        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
                doGet(req, resp);
        }
}

然后注册servlet，启动Tomcat，然后就会在target文件夹中生成properties文件，如果没有在pom文件中配置，则properties文件不会生成

然后访问ServletDemo05就会读取资源文件

在resources目录下新建properties

接下来的操作和上面一样
只需要修改servlet里的路径就可以了

public class ServletDemo05 extends HttpServlet {
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
                InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/s.properties");
                Properties prop = new Properties();
                prop.load(is);
                String user = prop.getProperty("username");
                resp.getWriter().print(user);
        }

        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
                doGet(req, resp);
        }
}

发现：都被打包到了同一个路径下：classes，我们俗称这个路径为classpath: