Javaweb，HttpServletResponse

HttpServletResponse

web服务器接收到客户端的http请求，针对这个请求，分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest对象，代表响应的一个HttpServletResponse；

• 如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数：找HttpServletRequest
• 如果要给客户端响应一些信息：找HttpServletResponse

分类

负责向浏览器发送数据的方法

ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;
PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;

负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法

void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);
void setContentLength(int var1);
void setContentLengthLong(long var1);
void setContentType(String var1);
void setDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
void addDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
void setHeader(String var1, String var2);
void addHeader(String var1, String var2);
void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2);
void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2);

响应的状态码

int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
int SC_OK = 200;
int SC_CREATED = 201;
int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
int SC_FOUND = 302;
int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
int SC_GONE = 410;
int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;

实现文件下载

public class DownServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 1. 要获取下载文件的路径
        String realPath = "E:\\java\\Javaweb_Servlet\\javaweb_01\\target\\classes\\a.png";
        System.out.println("下载文件的路径："+realPath);
// 2. 下载的文件名是啥？
        String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
// 3. 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-Disposition)下载我们需要的东西
       resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+fileName);
// 4. 获取下载文件的输入流
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
// 5. 创建缓冲区
        int len = 0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
// 6. 获取OutputStream对象
        ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
// 7. 将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区,使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端！
        while ((len=in.read(buffer))>0){
            out.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        in.close();
        out.close();
    }

注册好servlet后访问图片就被下载下来了
要注意的是String realPath = “E:\java\Javaweb_Servlet\javaweb_01\target\classes\a.png”;
这个路径要是文件打包后的文件路径，否则会找不到

如果需要下的文件名是中文，则需要修改

//下载的文件名为中文
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8"));

实现验证码

public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //如何让浏览器3秒自动刷新一次;
        resp.setHeader("refresh","3");
        //在内存中创建一个图片
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80,20,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //得到图片
        Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics(); //笔
        //设置图片的背景颜色
        g.setColor(Color.white);
        //设置图片形状
        g.fillRect(0,0,80,20);
        //给图片写数据
        g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
        g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);
        //告诉浏览器，这个请求用图片的方式打开
        resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");
        //网站存在缓存，不让浏览器缓存
        resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
        //把图片写给浏览器
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg", resp.getOutputStream());
    }
    private String makeNum(){
        Random random = new Random();
        String num = random.nextInt(9999999) + "";
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i < 7-num.length() ; i++) {
            sb.append("0");
        }
        num = sb.toString() + num;
        return num;
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

重定向

依赖代码

void sendRedirect(String var1) throws IOException;

示例

   @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.sendRedirect("/r/img");//重定向

    }

注册好servlet运行Tomcat访问该servlet

会发现地址栏并不像请求转发那样地址栏不变

可以看到响应状态代码为302
地址为/img
重定向和转发的区别
相同点

• 页面都会实现跳转
• 不同点
  请求转发的时候，url不会产生变化
  重定向时候，url地址栏会发生变化；