07-22

分支结构 Switch-Case使用

1. 格式

 switch(){

case 常量1:

       执行语句1;

       //break;

case 常量2;

     执行语句2;

//break;

.

.

.

default:

       执行语句n;

       //break;

      

}

说明：根据switch表达式中的值，依次匹配个case中的常量。一旦匹配成功，则进入相应的case结构，调用其执行语句。当调用完执行语句以后，则仍然继续向下执行其他擦色结构中的执行语句，直到遇到break关键字或此switch结构终止。

② break，可以使用在switch-case结构中，一旦执行就跳出swtich表达式

③ switch结构中的表达式，只能是一下六种：byte、short、int、char、枚举类型、String类型

String season = “summer”;

switch (season) {

case “spring”:

       System.out.println(“春暖花开”);

       break;

case “summer”:

       System.out.println(“夏日炎炎”);

       break;

case “autumn”:

       System.out.println(“秋高气爽”);

case “winter”:

       System.out.println(“白雪皑皑”);

       break;

default:

       System.out.println(“输入错误”);

       break;

}

④case关键字只能声明常量，不能划定范围

⑤break关键字是可选的

⑥default：是可选的，相当于if-else 中最后的else。

例题①

class Test2{

       public static void main(String[] args){

             

              int score = 99;

             

              switch(score / 10){

                     case 10 :

                     case 9 :

                     case 8 :

                     case 7 :

                     case 6 :

                            System.out.println("及格");

                            break;

                     case 5:

                     case 4:

                     case 3:

                     case 2:

                     case 1:

                     case 0:

                            System.out.println("不及格");

                            break;

              }

             

             

       }

}

从键盘输入月份和日期，输出这天是这一年的第一天

import java.util.Scanner;

class MonthDay{

       public static void main(String[] args){

             

              Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

              System.out.println("输入Month");

              int month = scan.nextInt();        

              System.out.println("输入Day");

              int day = scan.nextInt();

              int sumday = 0 ;          

             

              switch(month){

                     case 12:

                            sumday += 30;

                     case 11:

                            sumday += 31;

                     case 10:

                            sumday += 30;

                     case 9:

                            sumday += 31;

                     case 8:

                            sumday += 31;

                     case 7:

                            sumday += 30;

                     case 6:

                            sumday += 31;

                     case 5:

                            sumday += 30;

                     case 4:

                            sumday += 31;

                     case 3:

                            sumday += 28;

                     case 2:

                            sumday += 31;

                     case 1:

                            sumday += day;

                    

                     System.out.println("这一年的第"+sumday+"天");

             

              }

       }

}

说明：

• ：凡是可以使用switch-case的结构，都可以转换为if-else。反之，不成立
•  ：可以使用if-else和switch-case都可以使用时，优先switch-case，效率较高。

循环结构

for循环

white循环

do-white循环

for循环

1. 初始化
2. 循环条件----à一定是boolean类型
3. 循环体
4. 迭代部分

for(①;②;④){

}

遍历100以内的偶数，并且统计偶数的数量，所有偶数的和；

class ForTest{

       public static void main(String[] args){

      

              /*

              for(int i = 1;i < 5; i++){

              System.out.println("a");

              }

              */

       //便利100以内的偶数

              int sum = 0;

              int count = 0;

              for(int i = 1;i <= 100;i++){

                     if((i % 2 )  == 0){

                            System.out.println(i);

                            sum +=i;

                            count++;

                     }

                    

              }

              System.out.println(count);

              System.out.println(sum);

             

       }

}

求两个数的最大公约数和最小公倍数

import java.util.Scanner;

class ForTest2{

       public static void main(String[] args){

              Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

      

              System.out.println("请输入第一个正整数");

              int m = scan.nextInt();

              System.out.println("请输入第二个正整数");

              int n = scan.nextInt();

       //获取最大公约数

       //获取两个中较小的

              int min = (m <= n)? m : n ;

      

              for(int i = min;i >=1 ;i --){

                     if(m % i == 0 && n % i ==0){

                            System.out.println(i);

                            break;

                     }

              }    

      

       //最小公倍数

              int max = (m >= n )? m : n;

             

              for(int i = max ;i <= m*n;i ++){

                     if(i % n ==0 && i % m ==0){

                            System.out.println(i);

                            break;

                     }

              }

       }

}

white循环

• • white(②){

③

}

说明：①写while不能丢了循环条件

②写程序要避免死循环

③for和while可以相互转换

for和while的初始化条件的作用范围不同

int i= 1;

while(i <= 100){

        if(I % 2 == 0){

System.out.println(i);

}

i ++

}

do-while循环

①do-while循环至少会执行一次循环体

do{

       if(num % 2 == 0){

       System.out.println(num);

}

       num++;

}while(num <= 100);

循环语句综合例题

从键盘读入个数不确定的整数，并判断读入的正数和负数的个数，输入为0是结束程序。

import java.util.Scanner;

class while{

       public static void main(String[] args){

             

       Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

       int pos = 0;

       int neg = 0;

       while(true){

              int number = scan.nextInt();

             

              if(number > 0){

                     pos++;

              }else if(number < 0){

                     neg++;

              }else{

                     break;

              }

              }     

       System.out.println(pos);

       System.out.println(neg);

      

       }

}