安装 MySQL 数据库

1、默认 yum 存储库安装

安装 wget下载工具
yum -y install wget

下载 mysql 官方 yum 源安装包
wget https://repo.mysql.com/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

安装 mysql 官方 yum 源
yum -y localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

安装服务端，客户端
yum -y install mysql-community-server mysql

启动 mysql 服务
systemctl start mysqld

设置 mysql 服务开机启动
systemctl enable mysqld

查看MySQL运行状态，运行状态如图：
systemctl status mysqld.service

此时MySQL已经开始正常运行，不过要想进入MySQL还得先找出此时root用户的密码，通过如下命令可以在日志文件中找出密码：

grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log

如下命令进入数据库：

mysql -u root -p

---

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘root’@‘localhost’ (using password: YES)
翻译：
错误1045（28000）：对用户“root”@本地主机拒绝访问（使用密码：是）

一般这个错误是由密码错误引起，解决的办法自然就是重置密码。
1.重置密码的第一步就是跳过MySQL的密码认证过程，方法如下：

vim /etc/my.cnf
(注：windows下修改的是my.ini)
在[mysqld]后面任意一行添加“skip-grant-tables”用来跳过密码验证的过程，如下图所示：

使用service mysqld restart重启MySQL服务

免密码登陆（注：敲入 mysql -u root -p 命令然后回车，当需要输入密码时，直接按enter键，便可以不用密码登录到数据库当中）

UPDATE直接编辑user表

步骤 1)：
输入命令mysql -u root -p指定 root 用户登录 MySQL，输入后按回车键输入密码。如果没有配置环境变量，请在 MySQL 的 bin 目录下登录操作。

步骤 2)：
输入use mysql;命令连接权限数据库。

步骤 3)：
输入命令update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('新密码') where user='用户名' and Host ='localhost';设置新密码。

步骤 4)：
输入flush privileges;命令刷新权限。

步骤 5)：
输入quit;命令退出 MySQL 重新登录，此时密码已经修改为刚才输入的新密码了。

开启mysql的远程访问

执行以下命令开启远程访问限制（注意：下面命令开启的IP是 192.168.0.1，如要开启所有的，用%代替IP）：
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'192.168.0.1' identified by 'password' with grant option;

为firewalld添加开放端口

添加mysql端口3306和Tomcat端口8080

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent

然后再重新载入

firewall-cmd --reload

报错

centos8.3安装mysql时报错

Error: Unable to find a match: mysql-community-server

解决方法：

先禁用本地的 MySQL 模块再安装即可
yum module disable mysql
yum -y install mysql-community-server

Error: Unable to find a match: mysql-community-server


[root@localhost ~]# yum module disable mysql


Last metadata expiration check: 0:03:16 ago on Mon 21 Jun 2021 08:03:11 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
=============================================================================================
 Package              Architecture        Version                 Repository            Size
=============================================================================================
Disabling modules:
 mysql

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================

Is this ok [y/N]: y
Complete!


[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server


Last metadata expiration check: 0:03:36 ago on Mon 21 Jun 2021 08:03:11 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
=============================================================================================
 Package                   Arch      Version                      Repository            Size
=============================================================================================
Installing:
 mysql-community-server    x86_64    5.7.34-1.el7                 mysql57-community    173 M
Installing dependencies:
 mysql-community-client    x86_64    5.7.34-1.el7                 mysql57-community     25 M
 mysql-community-common    x86_64    5.7.34-1.el7                 mysql57-community    310 k
 mysql-community-libs      x86_64    5.7.34-1.el7                 mysql57-community    2.4 M
 ncurses-compat-libs       x86_64    6.1-7.20180224.el8           baseos               331 k
 net-tools                 x86_64    2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8     baseos               322 k

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================
Install  6 Packages

Total download size: 202 M
Installed size: 877 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/6): net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64.rpm         320 kB/s | 322 kB     00:01
(2/6): ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.x86_64.rpm     311 kB/s | 331 kB     00:01
(3/6): mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm        213 kB/s | 310 kB     00:01
(4/6): mysql-community-libs-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm          159 kB/s | 2.4 MB     00:15
(5/6): mysql-community-client-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm        683 kB/s |  25 MB     00:38
(6/6): mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm        1.2 MB/s | 173 MB     02:24
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                        1.4 MB/s | 202 MB     02:27
warning: /var/cache/dnf/mysql57-community-65b9ecb4cc6a2553/packages/mysql-community-client-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
MySQL 5.7 Community Server                                    27 MB/s |  27 kB     00:00
Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
 Userid     : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
 Fingerprint: A4A9 4068 76FC BD3C 4567 70C8 8C71 8D3B 5072 E1F5
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                     1/1
  Installing       : mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64                          1/6
  Installing       : mysql-community-libs-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64                            2/6
  Running scriptlet: mysql-community-libs-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64                            2/6
  Installing       : net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64                           3/6
  Running scriptlet: net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64                           3/6
  Installing       : ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.x86_64                       4/6
  Installing       : mysql-community-client-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64                          5/6
  Running scriptlet: mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64                          6/6
  Installing       : mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64                          6/6
  Running scriptlet: mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64                          6/6
  Verifying        : ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.x86_64                       1/6
  Verifying        : net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64                           2/6
  Verifying        : mysql-community-client-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64                          3/6
  Verifying        : mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64                          4/6
  Verifying        : mysql-community-libs-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64                            5/6
  Verifying        : mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64                          6/6

Installed:
  mysql-community-client-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64     mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64
  mysql-community-libs-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64       mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64
  ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.x86_64  net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64

Complete!