Python 程序设计开发案例教程（二）

第四章
实例1：刮刮乐

reward_info = ["谢谢惠顾", "一等奖", "三等奖", "谢谢惠顾", "谢谢惠顾",
               "三等奖", "二等奖", "谢谢惠顾"]
num = int(input("请输入刮去的位置(1~8)："))
if 0 <= num <= len(reward_info):
    info = reward_info[num - 1]
    print(f"{info}")
else:
    print("输入的位置不合规！")

实例2：商品价格区间设置与排序

price_li = [399, 4369, 539, 288, 109, 749, 235, 190, 99, 1000]
section_li = []
max_section = int(input("请输入最大价格:"))
min_section = int(input("请输入最小价格:"))
for i in price_li:
    if min_section <= i <= max_section:
        section_li.append(i)
print("1.价格降序排序")
print("2.价格升序排序")
choice_num = int(input("请选择排序方式:"))
if choice_num == 1:
    section_li.sort(reverse=True)
else:
    section_li.sort()
print(section_li)

实例3：好友管理系统

friends = []
print("欢迎使用好友系统")
print("1：添加好友")
print("2：删除好友")
print("3：备注好友")
print("4：展示好友")
print("5：退出")
while True:
    num = int(input("请输入您的选项："))
    if num == 1:
        add_friend = input("请输入要添加的好友：")
        friends.append(add_friend)
        print('好友添加成功')
    elif num == 2:
        if len(friends) == 0:
            print("好友列表为空，不可删除")
        else:
            del_friend = input("请输入删除好友姓名：")
            friends.remove(del_friend)
            print("删除成功")
    elif num == 3:
        before_friend = input("请输入要修改的好友姓名：")
        after_friend = input("请输入修改后的好友姓名：")
        friend_index = friends.index(before_friend)
        friends[friend_index] = after_friend
        print("备注成功")
    elif num == 4:
        if len(friends) == 0:
            print("好友列表为空")
        else:
            for i in friends:
                print(i)
    elif num == 5:
        break

实例4：随机分配办公室

# 随机分配办公室
import random

offices = [[], [], []]
teachers = ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8']
for teacher in teachers:
    index = random.randint(0, 2)
    offices[index].append(teacher)
i = 1
for office in offices:
    num = len(office)
    print(f"第{i}个办公室有{num}位老师")
    print(office)
    i += 1

实例5：中文数字对照表

uppercase_numbers = ("零", "壹", "贰", "叁", "肆", "伍",
                     "陆", "柒", "捌", "玖")
number = input("请输入一个数字：")
for i in range(len(number)):
    print(uppercase_numbers[int(number[i])], end="")

第五章
实例1：单词识别

tues_or_thurs = {'h': 'Thursday', 'u': 'Tuesday'}
weekend = {'a': 'Saturday', 'u': 'Sunday'}
week = {'t': tues_or_thurs, 's': weekend,
        'm': 'Monday', 'w': 'Wednesday', 'f': 'Friday'}
first_char = input('请输入第一位字母：').lower().strip()
if first_char in ['a', 't', 's', 'm', 'w', 'f']:
    if week[first_char] == tues_or_thurs or week[first_char] == weekend:
        second_char = input('请输入第二位字母：').lower().strip()
        if second_char in ['u', 'h', 'a']:
            print(week[first_char][second_char])
        else:
            print('请输入正确字母')
    else:
        print(week[first_char])
else:
    print('请输入正确的字母')

实例2：手机通讯录

person_info = []
print("=" * 20)
print('欢迎使用通讯录：')
print("1.添加联系人")
print("2.查看通讯录")
print("3.删除联系人")
print("4.修改联系人")
print("5.查找联系人")
print("6.退出")
print("=" * 20)
while True:
    per_dict = {}
    fun_num = input('请输入功能序号：')
    if fun_num == '1':
        per_name = input('请输入联系人的姓名：')
        phone_num = input('请输入联系人的手机号：')
        per_email = input('请输入联系人的邮箱：')
        per_address = input('请输入联系人的地址：')
        # 判断输入的是否为空
        if per_name.strip() == '' or phone_num.strip() == '' or per_email.strip() == '' or per_address.strip() == '':
            print('请输入正确信息')
            continue
        else:
            per_dict.update({'姓名': per_name, '手机号': phone_num, '电子邮箱': per_email, '联系地址': per_address})
            person_info.append(per_dict)  # 保存到列表中
            print('保存成功')
    elif fun_num == '2':
        if len(person_info) == 0:
            print('通讯录无信息')
        for i in person_info:
            print('--*' * 6)
            for title, info in i.items():
                print(title + ':' + info)
                print('--*' * 6)
    elif fun_num == '3':  # 删除
        if len(person_info) != 0:
            del_name = input('请输入要删除的联系人姓名：')
            for i in person_info:
                if del_name in i.values():
                    person_info.remove(i)
                    print(person_info)
                    print('删除成功')
                else:
                    print('该联系人不在通讯录中')
        else:
            print('通讯录无信息')
    elif fun_num == '4':  # 修改
        if len(person_info) != 0:
            modi_info = input('请输入要修改的联系人姓名：')
            for i in person_info:
                if modi_info in i.values():
                    # 获取所在元组在列表中的索引位置
                    index_num = person_info.index(i)
                    dict_cur_perinfo = person_info[index_num]
                    for title, info in dict_cur_perinfo.items():
                        print(title + ':' + info)
                        modi_name = input('请输入新的姓名：')
                        modi_phone = input('请输入新的手机号：')
                        modi_email = input('请输入新的邮箱：')
                        modi_address = input('请输入新的地址：')
                        dict_cur_perinfo.update(姓名=modi_name)
                        dict_cur_perinfo.update(手机号=modi_phone)
                        dict_cur_perinfo.update(电子邮箱=modi_email)
                        dict_cur_perinfo.update(联系地址=modi_address)
                        print(person_info)
        else:
            print('通讯录无信息')
    elif fun_num == '5':  # 查找
        if len(person_info) != 0:
            query_name = input('请输入要查找的联系人姓名：')
            for i in person_info:
                if query_name in i.values():
                    index_num = person_info.index(i)
                    for title, info in person_info[index_num].items():
                        print(title + ':' + info)
                        break
                else:
                    print('该联系人不在通讯录中')
        else:
            print('通讯录无信息')
    elif fun_num == '6':  # 退出
        break

实例3：生词本

words_book = set()
words_only_set = set()
print('=' * 20)
print('欢迎使用生词本')
print('1.查看生词本')
print('2.背单词')
print('3.添加新单词')
print('4.删除单词')
print('5.清空生词本')
print('6.退出生词本')
print('=' * 20)
while True:
    word_dict = {}
    fun_num = input('请输入功能编号：')
    if fun_num == '1':  # 查看生词本
        if len(words_book) == 0:
            print('生词本内容为空')
        else:
            print(words_book)
    elif fun_num == '2':  # 背单词
        if len(words_book) == 0:
            print('生词本内容为空')
        else:
            for random_words in words_book:
                w = random_words.split(':')
                in_words = input("请输入" + w[0] + '翻译' + '：\n')
                if in_words == w[1].strip():
                    print('太棒了')
                else:
                    print('再想想')
    elif fun_num == '3':  # 添加新单词
        new_words = input('请输入新单词：')
        # 检测单词是否重复
        if new_words in words_only_set:
            # 添加的单词重复
            print('此单词已存在')
        else:
            # 执行单词添加
            new_chinese = input('请输入单词翻译：')
            word_dict.update({new_words: new_chinese})
            # 转换成字符串存入 set 集合中
            dict_str = str(word_dict).replace('{', '').replace('}', '').replace("'", '')
            words_book.add(dict_str)
            print('单词添加成功')
            dict_str = dict_str.replace(',', '')
            print(dict_str)
            words_only_set.add(new_words)
    elif fun_num == '4':  # 删除单词
        if len(words_book) == 0:
            print('生词本为空')
        else:
            temp_list = list(words_book)
            print(temp_list)
            del_wd = input("请输入要删除的单词:")
            # 如果要删除的单词不在单词集合中
            if del_wd not in words_only_set:
                print('删除的单词不存在')
            else:
                words_only_set.discard(del_wd)
                for temp in temp_list:
                    if del_wd in temp:
                        words_book.remove(temp)
                        print('删除成功')
    elif fun_num == '5':  # 清空
        if len(words_book) == 0:
            print('生词本为空')
        else:
            words_only_set.clear()
            words_book.clear()
            print('生词本清空成功')
    elif fun_num == '6':  # 退出
        print('退出成功')
        break

第六章
实例1：计算器

def oper(parm_one, parm_two):
    operator = input('请选择要执行的运算符：+、-、*、/' + '\n')
    if operator == "+":
        print("计算结果为:", +parm_one + parm_two)
    elif operator == '-':
        print("计算结果为:", parm_one - parm_two)
    elif operator == '*':
        print("计算结果为:", parm_one * parm_two)
    elif operator == '/':
        if parm_two == 0:
            print('被除数不能为 0')
        else:
            print("计算结果为:", parm_one / parm_two)


num_one = int(input('请输入第一个数:'))
num_two = int(input('请输入第二个数:'))
oper(num_one, num_two)

实例2：学生信息管理系统

# 功能菜单打印
def print_menu():
    print('=' * 30)
    print('学生管理系统')
    print('1.添加学生信息')
    print('2.删除学生信息')
    print('3.修改学生信息')
    print('4.显示所有学生信息')
    print('0.退出系统')
    print('=' * 30)


# 新建一个列表，用来保存学生的所有信息
stu_info = []


# 添加学生信息
def add_stu_info():
    # 提示并获取学生的姓名
    new_name = input('请输入新学生的姓名:')
    # 提示并获取学生的性别
    new_sex = input('请输入新学生的性别:')
    # 提示并获取学生的手机号
    new_phone = input('请输入学生的手机号码:')
    new_info = dict()
    new_info['name'] = new_name
    new_info['sex'] = new_sex
    new_info['phone'] = new_phone
    stu_info.append(new_info)


# 删除学生信息
def del_stu_info(student):
    del_num = int(input('请输入要删除的序号：')) - 1
    del student[del_num]


# 修改学生信息
def modify_stu_info():
    if len(stu_info) != 0:
        stu_id = int(input('请输入学生序号:'))
        new_name = input('请输入学生姓名:')
        new_sex = input('请输入学生性别（男/女）：')
        new_phone = input('请输入学生的手机号码:')
        stu_info[stu_id - 1]['name'] = new_name
        stu_info[stu_id - 1]['sex'] = new_sex
        stu_info[stu_id - 1]['phone'] = new_phone
    else:
        print('学生信息表为空')


# 显示学生信息
def show_stu_info():
    print('学生的信息如下：')
    print('=' * 30)
    print('序号 姓名 性别 手机号码')
    i = 1
    for temp_info in stu_info:
        print("%d %s %s %s" % (i, temp_info['name'], temp_info['sex'], temp_info['phone']))
        i += 1


# 主函数
def main():
    while True:
        print_menu()  # 打印菜单
        key = input("请选择功能：")  # 获取用户输入的序号
        if key == '1':  # 添加学生信息
            add_stu_info()
        elif key == '2':  # 删除学生信息
            del_stu_info(stu_info)
        elif key == '3':  # 修改学生信息
            modify_stu_info()
        elif key == '4':  # 查看所有学生的信息
            show_stu_info()
        elif key == '0':
            quit_confirm = input('亲，真的要退出么？(Yes or No):')
            if quit_confirm == 'Yes' or 'yes':
                break  # 跳出循环
            else:
                print('输入有误，请重新输入')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

实例3：汉诺塔

def hanoi(n, ch1, ch2, ch3):
    if n == 1:
        print(ch1, '->', ch3)
    else:
        hanoi(n - 1, ch1, ch3, ch2)
        print(ch1, '->', ch3)
        hanoi(n - 1, ch2, ch1, ch3)


plate_nums = int(input("请输入盘子的数量："))
hanoi(plate_nums, 'A', 'B', 'C')

实例4：斐波那契数列

def fibonacci(n):
    if n == 1 or n == 2:
        return 1
    else:
        return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)


num = int(input('请输入一个正整数: '))
for i in range(1, num + 1):
    print(fibonacci(i), end=' ')