mybatis详细教程

古理

已于 2023-06-27 17:19:25 修改

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分类专栏： java全栈学习文章标签： mybatis 数据库 java

于 2022-11-17 13:24:19 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_54089340/article/details/127900510

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文章目录

@[toc]
1. 概述
1.1 什么是Mybatis?
1.2 Mybatis 操作数据库的方式
1.3 Mybatis 操作数据库的七大步骤?
1.4 Mybatis 的开发优点

2. Mybatis 操作数据库具体实现
2.1 创建一个数据库表
2.2 创建一个maven项目,配置pom.xml文件,导入相关依赖
2.3 创建mybatis 核心配置文件
2.4 创建与数据库对应的实体类
2.5 创建数据操作持久层接口
2.5-1 补充创建数据操作持久层接口实现配置文件`UserMapper.xml`
2.6 创建测试类,测试
2.7 基于注解开发修改
2.6 创建测试类,测试基于注解的mybatis开发

运行结果

1. 概述

1.1 什么是Mybatis?

Mybatis 是一个优秀的持久层框架,是对JDBC操作数据库的过程进行了封装.

1.2 Mybatis 操作数据库的方式

可以通过xml文件的方式执行sql;
可以通过注解的方式执行SQL;

1.3 Mybatis 操作数据库的七大步骤?

SQLSession 传递SQL骨架给MappedStatement
由MappedStatement 结合骨架和SQL参数映射成完整的SQL语句
将完整的SQL语句交给Executer
执行SQL语句
返回结果集给MappedStatement
封装结果集
将结果集返回给SQLSession

1.4 Mybatis 的开发优点

简化了JDBC代码
支持连接池,提高程序执行效率
Mybatis 是将SQL配置在mapper文件中,修改SQL不需要重新编译
将返回结果ResultSet自动封装成java对象

2. Mybatis 操作数据库具体实现

项目结构

2.1 创建一个数据库表

create database mytest;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user`  (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `NAME` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '匿名',
  `age` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `sex` varchar(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NULL DEFAULT '男',
  `address` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `email` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,
  UNIQUE INDEX `email`(`email`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 1 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_unicode_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of user
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (1, '匿名', 11, '男', '1111', '11111');

在这里插入图片描述

2.2 创建一个maven项目,配置pom.xml文件,导入相关依赖

在这里插入图片描述

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.it</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis_lean</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.5</version>
        </dependency>
<!--        连接mysql数据库驱动,这里是8.0以上版本-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.26</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 日志 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.30</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

2.3 创建mybatis 核心配置文件

jdbc.properties文件,描述连接数据库的属性

jdbc.driver = com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mytest
jdbc.username = root
jdbc.password = 123456

mybatis-config.xml , mybatis 核心配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!--    导入jdbc配置资源-->
    <properties resource="jdbc.properties"/>
    <settings>
        <setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>
        <!-- 开启log4j来记录日志 -->
        <setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
    </settings>
    <environments default="test">
        <environment id="test">
<!--            使用jdbc管理事务  , MANAGER 是使用mybatis管理事务-->
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
<!--开启连接池  ,   UNPOOLED 不开启-->
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
                <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
                <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
                <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
<!--    加载映射文件 ,加载mapper文件夹下所有-->
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="mapper/UserMapper.xml"></mapper>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

注意：如果mapper/*.xml 报错，把*改成具体的mapper.xml文件名称，具体原因尚未明确

2.4 创建与数据库对应的实体类

package com.it.pojo;

public class User {
    private long id;
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String sex;
    private String address;
    private String email;

    public User(long id, String name, int age, String sex, String address, String email) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.address = address;
        this.email = email;
    }

    public User() {
    }

    public long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                ", address='" + address + '\'' +
                ", email='" + email + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

2.5 创建数据操作持久层接口

package com.it.dao;

import com.it.pojo.User;
import java.util.Collection;
@Mapper
public interface UserDao {
    Collection<User> findAll();
    User findById(long id);
    void save(User user);
    void update(User user);
    void delete(long id);
}

2.5-1 补充创建数据操作持久层接口实现配置文件`UserMapper.xml`

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="com.it.dao.UserDao">
    <select id="findAll" resultType="com.it.pojo.User">
        select * from user
    </select>

    <select id="findById" resultType="com.it.pojo.User">
        select * from user where id = #{id}
    </select>

    <insert id="save">
        insert into user value(#{id},#{name},#{age},#{sex},#{address},#{email})
    </insert>

    <update id="update">
        update user set name = #{name} where id = #{id}
    </update>

    <delete id="delete">
        delete from user where id = #{id}
    </delete>
</mapper>

2.6 创建测试类,测试

package com.it.test;


import com.it.dao.UserDao;
import com.it.pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Collection;

public class Test01 {
    static SqlSessionFactoryBuilder builder  =new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
    static  UserDao userDao;
    public static void findAll(){
        Collection<User> all = userDao.findAll();
        System.out.println("查询所有结果");
        System.out.println("---------------------------------");
        for (User user:all){
            System.out.println(user.toString());
        }
    }
    public static void findById(){
        User user = userDao.findById(1);
        System.out.println("查询所有结果");
        System.out.println("---------------------------------");
        System.out.println(user.toString());
    }

    public static void save(){
        User user = new User(3,"ls",22,"男","llll.","000000");
        userDao.save(user);
        System.out.println("新增数据"+user.toString()+"成功");
    }
    public static void update(){
        User user = new User(2,"zhangs",22,null,"","");
        userDao.update(user);
        System.out.println("修改数据"+user.toString()+"成功");
    }
    public static void delete(){
        userDao.delete(2);
        System.out.println("删除成功");
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SqlSession session=null;
        SqlSessionFactory factory = null;
        try {
            factory = builder.build(Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml"));
            session = factory.openSession();
            userDao = session.getMapper(UserDao.class);
            System.out.println("============================");
            findAll();
            System.out.println("============================");
            findById();
            System.out.println("============================");
            save();
            findAll();
            System.out.println("============================");
            update();
            findAll();
            System.out.println("============================");
            delete();
            findAll();

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if (session!=null){
                session.commit();
                session.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

2.7 基于注解开发修改

修改dao层的代码,创建数据操作接口

package com.it.dao;

import com.it.pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Delete;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Insert;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Update;

import java.util.Collection;

/**
 * 使用注解执行sql
 * @author ZRY
 * @version 1.0
 */
public interface UserDao1 {
    @Select("select * from user")
    Collection<User> findAll();
    @Select("select * from user where id = #{id}")
    User findById(long id);
    @Insert("insert into user value(#{id},#{name},#{age},#{sex},#{address},#{email})")
    void save(User user);
    @Update(" update user set name = #{name}  where id=#{id}")
    void update(User user);
    @Delete("delete from user where id=#{id}")
    void delete(long id);
}

修改核心配置文件,mybatis-config.xml
新增 <mapper class="com.it.dao.UserDao1"/>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!--    导入jdbc配置资源-->
    <properties resource="jdbc.properties"/>
    <environments default="test">
        <environment id="test">
<!--            使用jdbc管理事务  , MANAGER 是使用mybatis管理事务-->
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
<!--开启连接池  ,   UNPOOLED 不开启-->
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="dirver" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
                <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
                <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
                <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
<!--    加载映射文件 ,加载mapper文件夹下所有-->
    <mappers>
      <!--        基于xml配置文件的-->
        <mapper resource="mapper/UserMapper.xml"></mapper>
<!--        基于注解的,需要绑定类-->
        <mapper class="com.it.dao.UserDao1"/>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

2.6 创建测试类,测试基于注解的mybatis开发

package com.it.test;


import com.it.dao.UserDao;
import com.it.dao.UserDao1;
import com.it.pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Collection;

public class Test02 {
    static SqlSessionFactoryBuilder builder  =new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
    static UserDao1 userDao1;
    public static void findAll(){
        Collection<User> all = userDao1.findAll();
        System.out.println("查询所有结果");
        System.out.println("---------------------------------");
        for (User user:all){
            System.out.println(user.toString());
        }
    }
    public static void findById(){
        User user = userDao1.findById(1);
        System.out.println("查询所有结果");
        System.out.println("---------------------------------");
        System.out.println(user.toString());
    }

    public static void save(){
        User user = new User(2,"ls",22,"男","llll","");
        userDao1.save(user);
        System.out.println("新增数据"+user.toString()+"成功");
    }
    public static void update(){
        User user = new User(3,"zhangs",22,null,"","");
        userDao1.update(user);
        System.out.println("修改数据"+user.toString()+"成功");
    }
    public static void delete(){
        userDao1.delete(2);
        System.out.println("删除成功");
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SqlSession session=null;
        SqlSessionFactory factory = null;
        try {
            factory = builder.build(Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml"));
            session = factory.openSession();
            userDao1 = session.getMapper(UserDao1.class);
            System.out.println("============================");
            findAll();
            System.out.println("============================");
            findById();
            System.out.println("============================");
            save();
            findAll();
            System.out.println("============================");
            update();
            findAll();
            System.out.println("============================");
            delete();
            findAll();

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if (session!=null){
                session.commit();
                session.close();
            }
        }
    }
}