Python模块之时间模块，time和datetime的区别和联系

前言：关于时间

1、操作系统中的时间
在Unix/Linux系统中，有两个不同的时间：日历时间和进程时间。

日历时间：
有些书上又叫系统时间。该值是自1970年1月1日00:00:00以来国际标准时间（U T C）所经过的秒数累计值（早期的手册称U T C为格林尼治标准时间）。在PC/AT微机系统中，支撑该时间的硬件是实时钟RT(Real Time)电路。操作系统在系统初始化的过程中，会从该电路中读取该时间，并保存在内核变量中。

进程时间
该时间用来度量进程使用CPU的时间。

gmtime与localtime将日历时间转换成stuct tm类型的分解形式，只不过前者转换成GMT时间，而后者转换成本地时间。

2、关于时间的小知识

GMT时间
GMT（Greenwich Mean Time），格林威治时间。这是英国的格林威治皇家天文台为了海上霸权的扩张计划，在十七世纪就开始进行天体观测。为了天文观测，选择了穿过伦敦格林威治天文台子午仪中心的一条经线作为零度参考线，这条线，简称格林威治子午线。

它规定太阳每天经过位于英国伦敦郊区的皇家格林威治天文台的时间为中午12点

1884年10月，在美国华盛顿召开了一个国际子午线会议，该会议将格林威治子午线设定为本初子午线，并将格林威治时间作为世界基准时间（UT, Universal Time）。由此也确定了全球24小时自然时区的划分，所有时区都以和GMT 之间的偏移量做为参考。

从格林威治本初子午线起，经度每向东或者向西间隔15°，就划分一个时区，在这个区域内，大家使用同样的标准时间。全球共分为24个标准时区，相邻时区的时间相差一个小时。

UTC时间

UTC（Coodinated Universal Time），协调世界时，又称世界统一时间、世界标准时间、国际协调时间。

UTC是现在全球通用的时间标准，全球各地都同意将各自的时间进行同步协调。

UTC 时间是经过平均太阳时（以格林威治时间GMT为准）、地轴运动修正后的新时标以及以秒为单位的国际原子时所综合精算而成：因为地球自转越来越慢，每年都会比前一年多出零点几秒，每隔几年协调世界时组织都会给世界时+1秒，让基于原子钟的世界时和基于天文学（人类感知）的格林威治标准时间相差不至于太大。

所以，UTC与GMT基本上等同，但是如果要算时间差，肯定是用UTC时间更加精确。

一、time和datetime的区别和联系

time	datetime
time 模块比 datetime 模块更加底层，它可以获取距离 1970 年 01 月 01 日以来经过的秒数，并且提供了一些底层的时间函数	datetime 模块是基于 time 模块的，它对 time 模块进行了封装，提供了更加高级的时间操作方法
time 模块是使用 C 语言编写的，速度非常快。 应用场景：对程序执行时间要求较高	datetime 模块则更适合处理时间的格式化和操作，提供了更多用于日期时间运算的方法和类。 应用场景：适用于需要对时间进行加减、格式化、计算等操作。
>time()：获取当前时间戳。 >sleep()：程序进入睡眠状态，单位为秒。 >gmtime() 和 localtime()：将时间戳转换为结构化时间。 >mktime()：将结构化时间转换为时间戳。 >strftime()：将时间格式化为自定义字符串。 >strptime()：将自定义字符串转换为时间格式。 >process_time()：获取当前进程的CPU时间。 >perf_counter() 和 monotonic()：获取平均计时器和单调计时器的值。	>datetime()：获取当前日期和时间。 >now()：获取当前日期和时间，等同于 datetime() 方法。 >date()：获取当前日期。 >time()：获取当前时间。 >timedelta()：这是一个代表时间间隔的对象，可以对时间进行计算，还支持与date和datetime对象进行特定的相加和相减运算。 >strftime()：将日期时间格式化为字符串。 >strptime()：将字符串转换为日期时间格式。

二、应用实例 

1、time模块的常用方法

# time.time() 获取当前系统时间戳
print(time.time())  # 20230821002434这是当前系统时间戳

#  strftime()表示格式化时间字符串
print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))  #2023-08-21 01:25:41

#  datetime() 表示获取当前系统的时间，等同于time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print(datetime.datetime())  #2023-08-21 01:27:24

2、时间和日期函数的应用举例 

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import time
from time import gmtime, strftime

t = time.localtime()
print (time.asctime(t))  #asctime（）表示由gmtime()或localtime()返回的时间的元组或struct_time转换为以下形式：“Tue Feb 27 22:21:15 2019”的24个字符的字符串。


print(strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S +0000', gmtime()))
print(strftime('%A', gmtime()))
print(strftime('%D', gmtime()))
print(strftime('%B', gmtime()))
print(strftime('%y', gmtime()))
 
# Convert seconds into GMT date
print(strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S +0000', gmtime(1234567890)))

# 运行结果
Sun Aug 20 23:21:06 2023
Sun, 20 Aug 2023 17:51:06 +0000
Sunday
08/20/23
August
23
Fri, 13 Feb 2009 23:31:30 +0000


# 案例2 使用 Pandas 获取当前日期和时间
import datetime as T
print(T.datetime.now())
print(T.datetime.now().date())
print(T.datetime.now().year)
print(T.datetime.now().month)
print(T.datetime.now().day)
print(T.datetime.now().hour)
print(T.datetime.now().minute)
print(T.datetime.now().second)
print(T.datetime.now().microsecond)

# 运行结果
2023-08-20 23:30:58.131416
2023-08-20
2023
8
20
23
30
58
131521


# 案例3 将字符串转换为日期时间对象
from datetime import datetime
from dateutil import parser

d1 = 'Jan 7 2015  1:15PM'
d2 = '2015 Jan 7  1:33PM'

# 如果知道日期的转换格式
"""
％b月份作为语言环境的缩写名称
％d当月的一天作为零填充十进制数
％Y以十进制数表示的世纪
％I小时（12小时制）作为零填充十进制数
％M作为零填充十进制数的分钟）
％p Locale相当于AM或PM）
"""
date1 = datetime.strptime(d1, '%b %d %Y %I:%M%p')  # 
print(type(date1))
print(date1)

# 如果不知道日期的转换格式
date2 = parser.parse(d2)
print(type(date2))
print(date2)

# 运行结果
<type 'datetime.datetime'>
2015-01-07 13:15:00
<type 'datetime.datetime'>
2015-01-07 13:33:00


# 案例5 以毫秒为单位获取当前时间
import time
 
milliseconds = int(round(time.time() * 1000))
print(milliseconds)

Output:

1516364270650


# 案例6 以 MST、EST、UTC、GMT 和 HST 获取当前日期时间
from datetime import datetime
from pytz import timezone
 
mst = timezone('MST')
print('Time in MST:', datetime.now(mst))
 
est = timezone('EST')
print('Time in EST:', datetime.now(est))
 
utc = timezone('UTC')
print('Time in UTC:', datetime.now(utc))
 
gmt = timezone('GMT')
print('Time in GMT:', datetime.now(gmt))
 
hst = timezone('HST')
print('Time in HST:', datetime.now(hst))

Output:

Time in MST: 2017-01-19 06:06:14.495605-07:00
Time in EST: 2017-01-19 08:06:14.496606-05:00
Time in UTC: 2017-01-19 13:06:14.496606+00:00
Time in GMT: 2017-01-19 13:06:14.496606+00:00
Time in HST: 2017-01-19 03:06:14.497606-10:00


# 案例7从给定的日期当中获取星期几
import datetime
 
dayofweek = datetime.date(2010, 6, 16).strftime('%A')
print(dayofweek)
# weekday Monday is 0 and Sunday is 6
print('weekday():', datetime.date(2010, 6, 16).weekday())
 
# isoweekday() Monday is 1 and Sunday is 7
print('isoweekday()', datetime.date(2010, 6, 16).isoweekday())
 
dayofweek = datetime.datetime.today().strftime('%A')
print(dayofweek)
print('weekday():', datetime.datetime.today().weekday())
print('isoweekday()', datetime.datetime.today().isoweekday())

Output:

Wednesday
weekday(): 2
isoweekday() 3
Friday
weekday(): 4
isoweekday() 5


#  案例8 计算两个日期时间对象之间的时差
import datetime
from datetime import timedelta
 
datetimeFormat = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f'
date1 = '2016-04-16 10:01:28.585'
date2 = '2016-03-10 09:56:28.067'
diff = datetime.datetime.strptime(date1, datetimeFormat)\
    - datetime.datetime.strptime(date2, datetimeFormat)
 
print('Difference:', diff)
print('Days:', diff.days)
print('Microseconds:', diff.microseconds)
print('Seconds:', diff.seconds)

Output:

Difference: 37 days, 0:05:00.518000
Days: 37
Microseconds: 518000
Seconds: 300


#  案例 9 将 5 分钟添加到 Unix 时间戳
import datetime
import calendar
 
future = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(minutes=5)
print(calendar.timegm(future.timetuple()))

Output:

1621069619


#  案例10 在 Python 中遍历一系列日期
import datetime

start = datetime.datetime.strptime('21-06-2020', '%d-%m-%Y')
end = datetime.datetime.strptime('05-07-2020', '%d-%m-%Y')
date_generated = [start + datetime.timedelta(days=x) for x in range(0, (end - start).days)]

for date in date_generated:
    print(date.strftime('%d-%m-%Y'))

Output:

21-06-2020
22-06-2020
23-06-2020
24-06-2020
25-06-2020
26-06-2020
27-06-2020
28-06-2020
29-06-2020
30-06-2020
01-07-2020
02-07-2020
03-07-2020
04-07-2020


# 案例11 巴黎时间更改为纽约时间
import pendulum
 
in_paris = pendulum.datetime(2016, 8, 7, 22, 24, 30, tz='Europe/Paris')
print(in_paris)
 
in_us = in_paris.in_timezone('America/New_York')
print(in_us)
Output:

2016-08-07T22:24:30+02:00
2016-08-07T16:24:30-04:00


#  案例12 使用 Python 获得最后7个工作日
from datetime import date
from datetime import timedelta
 
today = date.today()
 
for i in range(7):
    d = today - timedelta(days=i)
    if d.weekday() < 5:
        print(d)

Output:

2021-05-18
2021-05-17
2021-05-14
2021-05-13
2021-05-12


# 案例 13 从今天的日期和一个人的生日推算年龄
from datetime import date
 
 
def calculate_age(born):
    today = date.today()
    try:
        birthday = born.replace(year=today.year)
    except ValueError:
        birthday = born.replace(year=today.year, month=born.month + 1, day=1)
    if birthday > today:
        return today.year - born.year - 1
    else:
        return today.year - born.year
 
 
print(calculate_age(date(2001, 3, 1)))

Output:

20

# 案例14 获得本月的第一个星期二
import calendar
from datetime import datetime
 
c = calendar.Calendar(firstweekday=calendar.SUNDAY)
monthcal = c.monthdatescalendar(datetime.today().year, datetime.today().month)
 
try:
    tues = [day for week in monthcal for day in week if
            day.weekday() == calendar.TUESDAY and day.month == datetime.today().month][0]
    print(tues)
except IndexError:
    print('No date found')

Output:

2021-05-04

# 案例 15将整数转换为日期对象
from datetime import datetime

i = 1545730073
timestamp = datetime.fromtimestamp(i)

print(timestamp)
print(type(timestamp))

Output:

2018-12-25 14:57:53


# 案例16 当前日期减去 N 天的天数
from datetime import datetime, timedelta

d = datetime.today() - timedelta(days=5)
print(d)

Output:

2021-05-10 12:59:14.867969


# 案例17 比较两个日期
import datetime

a = datetime.datetime(2020, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59)
b = datetime.datetime(2020, 11, 30, 23, 59, 59)

print(a < b)
print(a > b)

Output:

False
True


# 案例18 从 datetime 对象中提取年份
import datetime
 
year = datetime.date.today().year
print(year)

Output:

2021


# 案例 19在 Python 中找到星期几
import pendulum
 
dt = pendulum.parse('2021-05-18')
print(dt.day_of_week)
 
dt = pendulum.parse('2021-05-01')
print(dt.day_of_week)
 
dt = pendulum.parse('2021-05-21')
print(dt.day_of_week)

Output:

2
6
5


# 案例 20从当前日期获取 7 天前的日期
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 
now = datetime.now()
 
for x in range(7):
    d = now - timedelta(days=x)
    print(d.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'))

Output:

2021-05-18
2021-05-17
2021-05-16
2021-05-15
2021-05-14
2021-05-13
2021-05-12


# 案例 21将两个日期时间对象之间的差值转换为秒
import datetime
 
time1 = datetime.datetime.strptime('19 01 2021', '%d %m %Y')
time2 = datetime.datetime.strptime('25 01 2021', '%d %m %Y')
 
difference = time2 - time1
print(difference)
 
seconds = difference.total_seconds()
print(seconds)

Output:

6 days, 0:00:00
518400.0


# 案例 22获得任何一个月的第三个星期五
import calendar
 
c = calendar.Calendar(firstweekday=calendar.SUNDAY)
year = 2021
month = 5
monthcal = c.monthdatescalendar(year, month)
 
try:
    third_friday = [day for week in monthcal for day in week if
                    day.weekday() == calendar.FRIDAY and day.month == month][2]
    print(third_friday)
except IndexError:
    print('No date found')

Output:

2021-05-21


# 案例 23 从 Python 中的周数获取日期
import datetime
from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
 
week = 25
year = 2021
date = datetime.date(year, 1, 1) + relativedelta(weeks=+week)
print(date)

Output:

2021-06-25


# 案例 24获取特定日期的工作日
import datetime
 
print(datetime.date(2020, 5, 15).isocalendar()[2])

Output:

5


# 案例 25创建一个 15 分钟前的 DateTime
import datetime
 
dt = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(minutes=15)
print(dt)

Output:

2021-05-15 22:25:55.897365


# 案例 26从特定日期获取周的开始和结束日期
import pendulum
 
dt = pendulum.datetime(2012, 9, 5)
 
start = dt.start_of('week')
print(start.to_datetime_string())
 
end = dt.end_of('week')
print(end.to_datetime_string())

Output:

2012-09-03 00:00:00
2012-09-09 23:59:59


# 案例 27两个日期之间的差异（以秒为单位）
from datetime import datetime
 
fmt = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
d1 = datetime.strptime('2020-01-01 17:31:22', fmt)
d2 = datetime.strptime('2020-01-03 17:31:22', fmt)
 
days_diff = d2 - d1
print(days_diff.days * 24 * 60 * 60)

Output:

172800


# 案例 28以这种格式获取昨天的日期MMDDYY
from datetime import date, timedelta
 
yesterday = date.today() - timedelta(days=1)
print(yesterday.strftime('%m%d%y'))

Output:

051421


# 案例 29从今天的日期获取上周三
from datetime import date
from datetime import timedelta

today = date.today()

offset = (today.weekday() - 2) % 7
wednesday = today - timedelta(days=offset)
print(wednesday)

Output:

2021-05-12


# 案例 30所有可用时区的列表打印
import pytz

for i in pytz.all_timezones:
    print(i)

Output:

Africa/Abidjan
Africa/Accra
Africa/Addis_Ababa
Africa/Algiers
Africa/Asmara
Africa/Asmera
Africa/Bamako
Africa/Bangui
Africa/Banjul
Africa/Bissau
...
US/Mountain
US/Pacific
US/Samoa
UTC
Universal
W-SU
WET
Zulu


# 案例 31获取指定开始日期和结束日期之间的日期范围
import datetime
 
start = datetime.datetime.strptime('21-06-2020', '%d-%m-%Y')
end = datetime.datetime.strptime('05-07-2020', '%d-%m-%Y')
date_generated = [start + datetime.timedelta(days=x) for x in range(0, (end - start).days)]
 
for date in date_generated:
    print(date.strftime('%d-%m-%Y'))

Output:

21-06-2020
22-06-2020
23-06-2020
24-06-2020
25-06-2020
26-06-2020
27-06-2020
28-06-2020
29-06-2020
30-06-2020
01-07-2020
02-07-2020
03-07-2020
04-07-2020


# 案例 32毫秒转换为数据
import datetime

time_in_millis = 1596542285000
dt = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(time_in_millis / 1000.0, tz=datetime.timezone.utc)
print(dt)

Output:

2020-08-04 11:58:05+00:00


# 案例 33查找给定日期之后的第一个星期日的日期
import datetime
 
 
def next_weekday(d, weekday):
    days_ahead = weekday - d.weekday()
    if days_ahead <= 0:
        days_ahead += 7
    return d + datetime.timedelta(days_ahead)
 
 
d = datetime.date(2021, 5, 16)
next_sunday = next_weekday(d, 6)
print(next_sunday)

Output:

2021-05-23


# 案例 34将（Unix）时间戳秒转换为日期和时间字符串
from datetime import datetime

dateStr = datetime.fromtimestamp(1415419007).strftime('%A, %B %d, %Y %I:%M:%S')
print(type(dateStr))
print(dateStr)

Output:

Saturday, November 08, 2014 09:26:47


# 案例 35以月为单位的两个日期之间的差异
from datetime import datetime
from dateutil import relativedelta
 
date1 = datetime.strptime('2014-01-12 12:00:00', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
date2 = datetime.strptime('2021-07-15 12:00:00', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
 
r = relativedelta.relativedelta(date2, date1)
print(r.months + (12 * r.years))

Output:

90


# 案例 36将本地时间字符串转换为 UTC
from datetime import *
from dateutil import *
from dateutil.tz import *
 
 
utc_zone = tz.gettz('UTC')
local_zone = tz.gettz('America/Chicago')
 
utc_zone = tz.tzutc()
local_zone = tz.tzlocal()
 
 
local_time = datetime.strptime('2020-10-25 15:12:00', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
print(local_time)
local_time = local_time.replace(tzinfo=local_zone)
print(local_time)
 
utc_time = local_time.astimezone(utc_zone)
print(utc_time)
 
utc_string = utc_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
print(utc_string)

Output:

2020-10-25 15:12:00
2020-10-25 15:12:00+05:30
2020-10-25 09:42:00+00:00
2020-10-25 09:42:00


# 案例 37获取当月的最后一个星期四
import calendar
from datetime import datetime
 
month = calendar.monthcalendar(datetime.today().year, datetime.today().month)
 
thrusday = max(month[-1][calendar.THURSDAY], month[-2][calendar.THURSDAY])
print(thrusday)

Output:

27


# 案例 38从特定日期查找一年中的第几周
import pendulum
 
dt = pendulum.parse('2015-05-18')
print(dt.week_of_year)
 
dt = pendulum.parse('2019-12-01')
print(dt.week_of_year)
 
dt = pendulum.parse('2018-01-21')
print(dt.week_of_year)

Output:

21
48
3


# 案例 39从给定日期获取星期几
import datetime
import calendar
 
dt = datetime.datetime(2021, 4, 25, 23, 24, 55, 173504)
print(calendar.day_name[dt.weekday()])
Output:

Sunday
40用 AM PM 打印当前时间
from datetime import datetime
 
print(datetime.today().strftime('%I:%M %p'))

Output:

10:11 PM


# 案例 41获得一个月的最后一天
import calendar
 
print(calendar.monthrange(2002, 1)[1])
print(calendar.monthrange(2008, 6)[1])
print(calendar.monthrange(2012, 2)[1])
print(calendar.monthrange(2015, 2)[1])

Output:

31
30
29
28


# 案例 42从工作日值中获取工作日名称
import calendar
 
print(calendar.day_name[0])
print(calendar.day_name[1])
print(calendar.day_name[2])
print(calendar.day_name[3])
print(calendar.day_name[4])
print(calendar.day_name[5])
print(calendar.day_name[6])

Output:

Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday


# 案例 43将 N 小时数添加到当前日期时间
from datetime import datetime, timedelta

d = datetime.today() + timedelta(hours=18)
print(d)

Output:

2021-05-16 07:36:08.189948


# 案例 44从当前日期获取年、月、日、小时、分钟
import datetime
 
now = datetime.datetime.now()
print(now.year, now.month, now.day, now.hour, now.minute, now.second)

Output:

2021 5 15 14 27 33


# 案例 45获取特定月份和年份的最后一个星期日
import calendar

month = calendar.monthcalendar(2021, 2)

last_sunday = max(month[-1][calendar.SUNDAY], month[-2][calendar.SUNDAY])
print(last_sunday)

Output:

28


# 案例 46查找特定日期的年份中的哪一天
import pendulum
 
dt = pendulum.parse('2015-05-18')
print(dt.day_of_year)
 
dt = pendulum.parse('2019-12-01')
print(dt.day_of_year)
 
dt = pendulum.parse('2018-01-21')
print(dt.day_of_year)

Output:

138
335
21


# 案例 47查找当前日期是工作日还是周末
import datetime
 
weekno = datetime.datetime.today().weekday()
if weekno < 5:
    print('Weekday')
else:  # 5 Sat, 6 Sun
    print('Weekend')

Output:

Weekday


# 案例 48组合 datetime.date 和 datetime.time 对象
import datetime
 
d = datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date(2020, 11, 14),
                              datetime.time(10, 23, 15))
 
print(d)

Output:

2020-11-14 10:23:15



# 案例 49获得每月的第 5 个星期一
import calendar
 
c = calendar.Calendar(firstweekday=calendar.SUNDAY)
year = 2016
month = 2
monthcal = c.monthdatescalendar(year, month)
 
try:
    fifth_monday = [day for week in monthcal for day in week if
                    day.weekday() == calendar.MONDAY and day.month == month][4]
    print(fifth_monday)
except IndexError:
    print('No date found')

Output:

2016-02-29


# 案例 50将日期时间对象转换为日期对象
from datetime import datetime

datetime_obj = datetime(2020, 12, 15, 10, 15, 45, 321474)
print(datetime_obj)

date_obj = datetime_obj.date()
print(date_obj)


Output:

2020-12-15 10:15:45.321474
2020-12-15


# 案例  51获取没有微秒的当前日期时间
from datetime import datetime

print(datetime.now().isoformat(' ', 'seconds'))


Output:

2021-05-15 12:55:45



# 案例 52将 N 秒数添加到特定日期时间
import datetime

a = datetime.datetime(2020, 12, 31, 23, 59, 45)
b = a + datetime.timedelta(seconds=30)

print(a)
print(b)

Output:

2020-12-31 23:59:45
2021-01-01 00:00:15


# 案例 53从当前日期获取两位数的月份和日期
import datetime
 
dt = datetime.datetime.now()
 
print(dt.strftime('%m'))
print('{:02d}'.format(dt.month))
print(f'{dt.month:02d}')
print('%02d' % dt.month)
 
print(dt.strftime('%d'))
print('{:02d}'.format(dt.day))
print(f'{dt.day:02d}')
print('%02d' % dt.day)

Output:

05
05
05
05
15
15
15
15


# 案例 54从特定日期获取月份数据的开始和结束日期
import pendulum
 
dt = pendulum.datetime(2012, 9, 5)
 
start = dt.start_of('month')
print(start.to_datetime_string())
 
end = dt.end_of('month')
print(end.to_datetime_string())

Output:

2012-09-01 00:00:00
2012-09-30 23:59:59


# 案例 55以周为单位的两个日期之间的差异
from datetime import date
 
date1 = date(2020, 12, 23)
date2 = date(2021, 5, 11)
 
days = abs(date1 - date2).days
print(days // 7)

Output:

19


# 案例 56将字符串格式的日期转换为 Unix 时间戳
import datetime
 
stime = '15/05/2021'
print(datetime.datetime.strptime(stime, '%d/%m/%Y').timestamp())

Output:

1621017000.0


# 案例 57获取最后一个周日和周六的日期
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 
 
def prior_week_end():
    return datetime.now() - timedelta(days=((datetime.now().isoweekday() + 1) % 7))
 
 
def prior_week_start():
    return prior_week_end() - timedelta(days=6)
 
 
print('Sunday', format(prior_week_start()))
print('Saturday', format(prior_week_end()))

Output:

Sunday 2021-05-09 13:13:30.057765
Saturday 2021-05-15 13:13:30.058912


# 案例 58检查对象是否属于 datetime.date 类型
import datetime
 
x = '2012-9-1'
y = datetime.date(2012, 9, 1)
 
print(isinstance(x, datetime.date))
print(isinstance(y, datetime.date))

Output:

False
True


# 案例 59获取特定日期的周数
import datetime
 
print(datetime.date(2020, 5, 15).isocalendar()[1])

Output:

20


# 案例 60获取 UTC 时间
from datetime import datetime

dt = datetime.utcnow()
print(dt)

Output:

2021-05-15 17:01:31.008808


# 案例 61获取本周的开始和结束日期
import pendulum

today = pendulum.now()

start = today.start_of('week')
print(start.to_datetime_string())

end = today.end_of('week')
print(end.to_datetime_string())

Output:

2021-05-10 00:00:00
2021-05-16 23:59:59


# 案例 62两个日期之间的差异（以分钟为单位）
from datetime import datetime
 
fmt = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
d1 = datetime.strptime('2010-01-01 17:31:22', fmt)
d2 = datetime.strptime('2010-01-03 17:31:22', fmt)
 
days_diff = d2 - d1
print(days_diff.days * 24 * 60)

Output:

2880


# 案例 63将日期时间对象转换为日期字符串
import datetime
 
t = datetime.datetime(2020, 12, 23)
x = t.strftime('%m/%d/%Y')
print(x)

Output:

12/23/2020


# 案例 64获得上周五
from datetime import date
from datetime import timedelta

today = date.today()

offset = (today.weekday() - 4) % 7
friday = today - timedelta(days=offset)
print(friday)

Output:

2021-05-14


# 案例 65将 3 周添加到任何特定日期
import pendulum
 
dt = pendulum.datetime(2012, 2, 15)
dt = dt.add(weeks=3)
print(dt.to_date_string())

Output:

2012-03-07


# 案例 66在其他两个日期之间生成一个随机日期
import random
import time
 
 
def str_time_prop(start, end, time_format, prop):
    stime = time.mktime(time.strptime(start, time_format))
    etime = time.mktime(time.strptime(end, time_format))
    ptime = stime + prop * (etime - stime)
    return time.strftime(time_format, time.localtime(ptime))
 
 
def random_date(start, end, prop):
    return str_time_prop(start, end, '%m/%d/%Y %I:%M %p', prop)
 
 
print(random_date('1/1/2020 1:10 PM', '1/1/2021 1:10 AM', random.random()))

Output:

02/25/2020 08:26 AM


# 案例 67查找从今天开始的第一个星期一的日期
from dateutil.rrule import rrule, WEEKLY, MO
from datetime import date
 
next_monday = rrule(freq=WEEKLY, dtstart=date.today(), byweekday=MO, count=1)[0]
print(next_monday)

Output:

2021-05-17 00:00:00


# 案例 68两个日期之间的差异（以天为单位）
from datetime import date
 
d1 = date(2019, 8, 18)
d2 = date(2021, 12, 10)
 
days_diff = d2 - d1
print(days_diff.days)

Output:

845


# 案例 69向当前日期添加六个月
from datetime import datetime
from dateutil.relativedelta import *

date = datetime.now()
print(date)

date = date + relativedelta(months=+6)
print(date)

Output:

2021-05-15 13:48:52.135612
2021-11-15 13:48:52.135612


# 案例 70将数据时间对象转换为 Unix（时间戳）
import datetime
import time

# Saturday, October 10, 2015 10:10:00 AM
date_obj = datetime.datetime(2015, 10, 10, 10, 10)
print('Unix Timestamp: ', (time.mktime(date_obj.timetuple())))

Output:

Unix Timestamp: 1444452000.0


# 案例 71将年、月、日、时、分、秒的 N 个数字添加到当前日期时间
import datetime
from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta

add_days = datetime.datetime.today() + relativedelta(days=+6)
add_months = datetime.datetime.today() + relativedelta(months=+6)
add_years = datetime.datetime.today() + relativedelta(years=+6)

add_hours = datetime.datetime.today() + relativedelta(hours=+6)
add_mins = datetime.datetime.today() + relativedelta(minutes=+6)
add_seconds = datetime.datetime.today() + relativedelta(seconds=+6)

print('Current Date Time:', datetime.datetime.today())
print('Add 6 days:', add_days)
print('Add 6 months:', add_months)
print('Add 6 years:', add_years)
print('Add 6 hours:', add_hours)
print('Add 6 mins:', add_mins)
print('Add 6 seconds:', add_seconds)


Output:

Current Date Time: 2017-04-04 18:32:10.192671
Add 6 days: 2017-04-10 18:32:10.191671
Add 6 months: 2017-10-04 18:32:10.192671
Add 6 years: 2023-04-04 18:32:10.192671
Add 6 hours: 2017-04-05 00:32:10.192671
Add 6 mins: 2017-04-04 18:38:10.192671
Add 6 seconds: 2017-04-04 18:32:16.192671


# 案例 72获取指定开始日期和结束日期之间的日期范围
import datetime
 
start = datetime.datetime.strptime('2016-06-15', '%Y-%m-%d')
end = datetime.datetime.strptime('2016-06-30', '%Y-%m-%d')
date_array = \
    (start + datetime.timedelta(days=x) for x in range(0, (end-start).days))
 
for date_object in date_array:
    print(date_object.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'))

Output:

2016-06-15
2016-06-16
2016-06-17
2016-06-18
2016-06-19
2016-06-20
2016-06-21
2016-06-22
2016-06-23
2016-06-24
2016-06-25
2016-06-26
2016-06-27
2016-06-28
2016-06-29


# 案例 73减去 N 个年、月、日、时、分、秒到当前日期时间
import datetime
from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta

sub_days = datetime.datetime.today() + relativedelta(days=-6)
sub_months = datetime.datetime.today() + relativedelta(months=-6)
sub_years = datetime.datetime.today() + relativedelta(years=-6)

sub_hours = datetime.datetime.today() + relativedelta(hours=-6)
sub_mins = datetime.datetime.today() + relativedelta(minutes=-6)
sub_seconds = datetime.datetime.today() + relativedelta(seconds=-6)

print('Current Date Time:', datetime.datetime.today())
print('Subtract 6 days:', add_days)
print('Subtract 6 months:', add_months)
print('Subtract 6 years:', add_years)
print('Subtract 6 hours:', add_hours)
print('Subtract 6 mins:', add_mins)
print('Subtract 6 seconds:', add_seconds)

Output:

Current Date Time: 2017-04-04 18:36:29.213046
Subtract 6 days: 2017-03-29 18:36:29.213046
Subtract 6 months: 2016-10-04 18:36:29.213046
Subtract 6 years: 2011-04-04 18:36:29.213046
Subtract 6 hours: 2017-04-04 12:36:29.213046
Subtract 6 mins: 2017-04-04 18:30:29.213046
Subtract 6 seconds: 2017-04-04 18:36:23.213046


# 案例 74获取指定年份和月份的月份第一天的工作日和月份的天数
import calendar
 
print('Year:2002 - Month:2')
month_range = calendar.monthrange(2002, 2)
print('Weekday of first day of the month:', month_range[0])
print('Number of days in month:', month_range[1])
print()
print('Year:2010 - Month:5')
month_range = calendar.monthrange(2010, 5)
print('Weekday of first day of the month:', month_range[0])
print('Number of days in month:', month_range[1])

Output:

Year:2002 - Month:2
Weekday of first day of the month: 4
Number of days in month: 28

Year:2010 - Month:5
Weekday of first day of the month: 5
Number of days in month: 31

# 案例 75打印特定年份的所有星期一
from datetime import date, timedelta

year = 2018
date_object = date(year, 1, 1)
date_object += timedelta(days=1-date_object.isoweekday())

while date_object.year == year:
    print(date_object)
    date_object += timedelta(days=7)

Output:

2018-01-01
2018-01-08
2018-01-15
2018-01-22
2018-01-29
2018-02-05
2018-02-12
...
2018-11-12
2018-11-19
2018-11-26
2018-12-03
2018-12-10
2018-12-17
2018-12-24
2018-12-31


# 案例 76打印特定年份的日历
import calendar
cal_display = calendar.TextCalendar(calendar.MONDAY)
# Year: 2019
# Column width: 1
# Lines per week: 1 
# Number of spaces between month columns: 0
# No. of months per column: 2
print(cal_display.formatyear(2019, 1, 1, 0, 2))
Output:

略


# 案例 77从月份编号中获取月份名称
import calendar
import datetime

# Month name from number
print('Month name from number 5:')
month_num = 1
month_abre = datetime.date(2015, month_num, 1).strftime('%b')
month_name = datetime.date(2015, month_num, 1).strftime('%B')
print('Short Name:', month_abre)
print('Full  Name:', month_name)

print('\nList of all months from calendar')
# Print list of all months from calendar
for month_val in range(1, 13):
    print(calendar.month_abbr[month_val], '-', calendar.month_name[month_val])

Output:

Month name from number 5:
Short Name: Jan
Full Name: January

List of all months from calendar
Jan - January
Feb - February
Mar - March
Apr - April
May - May
Jun - June
Jul - July
Aug - August
Sep - September
Oct - October
Nov - November
Dec - December

# 案例 78从给定日期获取一周的开始和结束日期
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 
date_str = '2018-01-14'
date_obj = datetime.strptime(date_str, '%Y-%m-%d')
 
start_of_week = date_obj - timedelta(days=date_obj.weekday())  # Monday
end_of_week = start_of_week + timedelta(days=6)  # Sunday
print(start_of_week)
print(end_of_week)

Output:

2018-01-08 00:00:00
2018-01-14 00:00:00


# 案例  79根据当前日期查找上一个和下一个星期一的日期
import datetime

today = datetime.date.today()
last_monday = today - datetime.timedelta(days=today.weekday())
coming_monday = today + datetime.timedelta(days=-today.weekday(), weeks=1)
print('Today:', today)
print('Last Monday:', last_monday)
print('Coming Monday:', coming_monday)

Output:

Today: 2018-01-21
Last Monday: 2018-01-15
Coming Monday: 2018-01-22


# 案例 80获取当前季度的第一个日期和最后一个日期
from datetime import datetime, timedelta

current_date = datetime.now()
current_quarter = round((current_date.month - 1) / 3 + 1)
first_date = datetime(current_date.year, 3 * current_quarter - 2, 1)
last_date = datetime(current_date.year, 3 * current_quarter + 1, 1)\
    + timedelta(days=-1)

print('First Day of Quarter:', first_date)
print('Last Day of Quarter:', last_date)

Output:

First Day of Quarter: 2018-01-01 00:00:00
Last Day of Quarter: 2018-03-31 00:00:00

 

 文章参考：

https://www.cnblogs.com/hustcat/p/1503244.html

Python时间模块：time和datetime的区别与用法_Python 学习者的博客-CSDN博客

对计算机世界中的时区和时间分类总是似懂非懂？看这一篇文章就够了_Java技术攻略的博客-CSDN博客

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