概念
当用户在前端页面点击文件上传后,用户上传的文件数据提交给服务器端,实现保存。
文件上传步骤
提交方式:
提供form表单,method必须是post。因为post请求无数据限制。
<form method="post"></form>
提交数据格式:
表单的enctype属性值必须为multipart/form-data.
以多段的形式进行拼接提交。以二进制的方式来处理表单数据,会把指定的文件内容封装进请求参数中。
<form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post"></form>
提供组件:
提供file表单组件,提供给用户上传文件。
解决文件上传命名重复问题:
当上传重复的文件时,为防止文件覆盖的现象发生,要为上传文件产生一个唯一的文件名。
public class UploadUtls{
//使用UUID生成唯一标识码,并拼接上图片的名称
public static String NewFileName(String fileName){
return UUID.randomUUID().toString.replaceAll("-","")+"_"+fileName;
}
}
upload.jsp代码
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>文件上传页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/upload" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
用户名: <input type="text" name="username"> <br>
选择文件: <input type="file" name="file"> <br>
<input type="submit" value="上传">
</form>
</body>
</html>
UploadController.java代码(注意:上传成功后创建的文件夹与文件在真实的文件目录下,即out目录下)
import com.tyh.utils.UploadUtils;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.MultipartConfig;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.Part;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
//实现文件上传
@WebServlet(name = "UploadController",value = "/upload")
//文件注解,maxFileSize单个文件上传空间大小,maxRequestSize多个文件总共上传空间大小
@MultipartConfig(maxFileSize = 1024*1024*100,maxRequestSize = 1024*1024*200)
public class UploadController extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//设置编码
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
//获取请求的数据
String username = req.getParameter("username");
//获取文件上传的数据
Part part = req.getPart("file");
//获取上传文件的路径 真实路径
String uploadPath = req.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/upload");
File file = new File(uploadPath);
if (!file.exists()){
//不存在则新建文件夹
file.mkdirs();
}
//文件上传
//生成唯一文件名
String oldName = part.getSubmittedFileName();
String newName = UploadUtils.newFileName(oldName);
part.write(uploadPath+"\\"+newName);
//响应客户端 上传成功
resp.getWriter().println(part.getSubmittedFileName()+"上传成功!");
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
}
文件类型限制:
要限制上传文件地类型,在收到上传文件名时,判断后缀名是否合法。
//创建一个集合存放允许上传的文件地类型(后缀名)
//判断所上传的文件在当前集合中是否包含
LIst<String> nameList = new ArrayList<String>();
nameList.add(".jpg");
nameList.add(".png");
nameLiat.add(".jpeg");
String newName = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndex("."));
if(!nameList.contains(newName)){
response.getWriter().println(fileName+"不符合文件上传规则!");
return;
}
多文件上传:
1.利用request.getParts()获取文件集并存储到Collection集合中,
2.利用增强for循环遍历集合中的每个文件对象
3.然后同以上单个上传文件原理一样,依次逐个上传文件
JSP页面代码
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>文件上传页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/moreUpload" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
选择文件: <input type="file" name="file"> <br>
继续选择文件: <input type="file" name="file2"> <br>
<input type="submit" value="上传">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Servlet代码
import com.tyh.utils.UploadUtils;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.MultipartConfig;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.Part;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Collection;
//多文件上传
@WebServlet(name = "MoreUploadController",value = "/moreUpload")
@MultipartConfig(maxFileSize = 1024*1024*100,maxRequestSize = 1024*1024*200)
public class MoreUploadController extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//处理编码
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
//获取上传文件的路径 真实路径
String uploadPath = req.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/upload");
File file = new File(uploadPath);
if (!file.exists()){
//不存在则新建文件夹
file.mkdirs();
}
//获取表单提交的所有数据
Collection<Part> parts = req.getParts();
for (Part part : parts){
String fileName = part.getSubmittedFileName();
if (fileName != null){//文件
//未选择文件
if (fileName.trim().equals("")){
continue;
}
//依次循环上传文件
String newName = UploadUtils.newFileName(fileName);
//上传文件
part.write(uploadPath+"\\"+newName);
//响应客户端 上传成功
resp.getWriter().println(part.getSubmittedFileName()+"上传成功!");
} else {//普通表单项
String username = req.getParameter(part.getName());
System.out.println(username);
}
}
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
}
文件下载:
显示文件下载列表:
我们要将Web应用系统中的文件资源提供给用户进行下载,首先我们要有一个页面列出上传文件目录下的所有文件,当用户点击文件下载超链接时就进行下载操作。
获取文件列表工具类 DownLoadUtils.java
import java.io.File;
import java.util.HashMap;
//循环查找指定目录下所有文件
public class DownLoadUtils {
public static void getFileList(File file, HashMap<String,String> fileMap){
//获取文件集合
File[] files = file.listFiles();
for (File f : files){
if (f.isDirectory()){//目录
getFileList(file,fileMap);
} else {//文件
String fileName = f.getName();
//截取文件名
int index = fileName.lastIndexOf("_");
String realName = fileName.substring(index + 1);
fileMap.put(fileName,realName);
}
}
}
}
获取文件列表控制层类 FileListController.java
import com.tyh.utils.DownLoadUtils;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
//获取下载列表
@WebServlet(name = "FileListController",value = "/fileList")
public class FileListController extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//设置编码
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//集合Map key=UUID value=源文件名称
HashMap<String,String> fileMap = new HashMap<>();
String basePath = req.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/upload");
//将查找到的文件添加到Map中
DownLoadUtils.getFileList(new File(basePath),fileMap);
//存储数据
req.setAttribute("fileMap",fileMap);
req.getRequestDispatcher("/fileUpload/fileList.jsp").forward(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
}
显示文件列表页面 fileList.jsp
实现下载文件功能:
为fileList.jsp文件中的超链接标签加上url地址
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/downLoad?filename=${entry.key}">下载</>
实现下载文件类DownLoad.java
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
//下载文件
@WebServlet(name = "DownLoad",value = "/downLoad")
public class DownLoad extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {
//设置编码
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//获取下载目录
String basePath = req.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/upload");
//获取Request中的文件filename的UUID
String uuidFileName = req.getParameter("filename");
//利用截取获取文件名
String filename = uuidFileName.split("_")[1];
//设置响应头,响应的文件类型和处理该文件 附件下载
resp.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(filename,"utf-8"));
//通过输入输出流将源文件下载
FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(basePath+"\\"+uuidFileName);
ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024*1024*100];
int len = 0;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
out.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//关闭流
out.close();
is.close();
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
}