友元

学习C++中，我们使用类，我们发现C++控制对类对象私有部分的访问，通常公有部分提供唯一的访问途径，这给C++带来了限制，友元能够帮我们很好的解决这个问题。

解决这种问题的方式：
1.严格按照A=B*2.75形式来写
2.使用非成员函数（友元）

Time operator*(double m, const Time & t);

这种函数却无法访问私有部分，我们在类声明中加上friend,从而形成友元。

friend Time operator*(double m, const Time & t); // goes in class declaration

另外交换乘法的顺序也可以把友元函数变成非友元函数。

Time operator*(double m, const Time & t)
{
    return t * m;   // use t.operator*(m)
}

有种常用的运算符重载<<运算符

void operator<<(ostream & os, const Time & t)
{
    os << t.hours << " hours, " << t.minutes << " minutes";
}
则可以这样写```

```cpp
cout << trip;

输出

4 hours, 23 minutes

可以进行修改，加上个引用使返回值返回cout

ostream & operator<<(ostream & os, const Time & t)
{
    os << t.hours << " hours, " << t.minutes << " minutes";
    return os;
}

这样就可以连续使用<<了
下面来看一个实例，将运算符重载和友元结合在一起，可以进行消化

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Time
{
private:
    int hours;
    int minutes;
public:
    Time();
    Time(int h, int m = 0);
    void AddMin(int m);
    void AddHr(int h);
    void Reset(int h = 0, int m = 0);
    Time operator+(const Time& t) const;
    Time operator-(const Time& t) const;
    Time operator*(double n) const;
    friend Time operator*(double m, const Time& t)
    {
        return t * m;
    } // inline definition
    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Time& t);
};
Time::Time()
{
    hours = minutes = 0;
}

Time::Time(int h, int m)
{
    hours = h;
    minutes = m;
}

void Time::AddMin(int m)
{
    minutes += m;
    hours += minutes / 60;
    minutes %= 60;
}

void Time::AddHr(int h)
{
    hours += h;
}

void Time::Reset(int h, int m)
{
    hours = h;
    minutes = m;
}

Time Time::operator+(const Time& t) const
{
    Time sum;
    sum.minutes = minutes + t.minutes;
    sum.hours = hours + t.hours + sum.minutes / 60;
    sum.minutes %= 60;
    return sum;
}

Time Time::operator-(const Time& t) const
{
    Time diff;
    int tot1, tot2;
    tot1 = t.minutes + 60 * t.hours;
    tot2 = minutes + 60 * hours;
    diff.minutes = (tot2 - tot1) % 60;
    diff.hours = (tot2 - tot1) / 60;
    return diff;
}

Time Time::operator*(double mult) const
{
    Time result;
    long totalminutes = hours * mult * 60 + minutes * mult;
    result.hours = totalminutes / 60;
    result.minutes = totalminutes % 60;
    return result;
}

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Time& t)
{
    os << t.hours << " hours, " << t.minutes << " minutes";
    return os;
}
int main()
{
    using std::cout;
    using std::endl;
    Time aida(3, 35);
    Time tosca(2, 48);
    Time temp;

    cout << "Aida and Tosca:\n";
    cout << aida << "; " << tosca << endl;
    temp = aida + tosca; // operator+()
    cout << "Aida + Tosca: " << temp << endl;
    temp = aida * 1.17;   // member operator*()
    cout << "Aida * 1.17: " << temp << endl;
    cout << "10.0 * Tosca: " << 10.0 * tosca << endl;

    return 0;
}

输出结果

Aida and Tosca:
3 hours, 35 minutes; 2 hours, 48 minutes
Aida + Tosca: 6 hours, 23 minutes
Aida * 1.17: 4 hours, 11 minutes
10.0 * Tosca: 28 hours, 0 minutes

你学废了么！！！