javaweb文件上传使用案例

1.对应的java代码

package fileUpLoad;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;

import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.ProgressListener;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;

public class FileUpload extends HttpServlet {


    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //判断上传的文件是普通表单还是带文件表单
        String msg = "上传失败";
        if(!ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(req)){
            req.setAttribute("msg",msg);
            req.getRequestDispatcher("error.jsp").forward(req,resp);
            return;//如果是普通表单，则终止方法
        }

        try {
        //获取上传路径，上传路径建议放到WEB-INF里面用户无法直接访问，安全
        String uploadPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/upload");
        File uploadFile = new File(uploadPath);
        if (!uploadFile.exists()){
            uploadFile.mkdir();//该目录不存在，创建该路径
        }
        //缓存，零时文件
        //如果缓存文件超过了预定大小，我们需要把文件放到一个零时文件中，过几天自动删除，或者提醒用户将文件转存为永久。
        String tempPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/temp");
        File tempFile = new File(tempPath);
        if (!tempFile.exists()){
            tempFile.mkdir();//该目录不存在，创建该路径
        }
        //处理上传文件需要使用req.getInputStream(),原生方法，使用比较麻烦
        //建议使用Apache的文件上传组件common-fileupload，它依赖于common-io组件
        //处理上传文件
        //1，创建磁盘工厂对象DiskFileItemFactory,处理上传的路径或者大小限制
        DiskFileItemFactory factory = getDiskFileItemFactory(tempFile);
        //2.通过磁盘工厂对象获取文件上传对象ServletFileUpload
        //ServletFileUpload对象负责将每个表单选项封装成一个个FileItem对象
        ServletFileUpload upload = getServletFileUpload(factory);
        //3.处理上传的文件
        msg = uploadParseRequest(upload,req,uploadPath);
        //4.返回上传结果
        req.setAttribute("msg",msg);
        req.getRequestDispatcher("info.jsp").forward(req,resp);
        } catch (FileUploadException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {

    }

    //创建磁盘工厂对象
    public static DiskFileItemFactory getDiskFileItemFactory(File file){
        DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
        //通过这个工厂创建缓冲区，当上传文件大于这个缓冲区的时候，他将放到这个零时文件中
        factory.setSizeThreshold(1024*1024);//设置缓存区大小为1M
        factory.setRepository(file);//零时文件目录
        return factory;
    }
    //创建ServletUpload对象
    public static ServletFileUpload getServletFileUpload(DiskFileItemFactory factory){
        ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
        //监听上传进度
        upload.setProgressListener(new ProgressListener() {
            /*
            * 参数一：已上传大小
            * 参数二：总大小
            * */
            public void update(long l, long l1, int i) {
                System.out.println("文件已上传："+(double)(l*100/l1)+"%");
            }
        });
        //处理乱码问题
        upload.setHeaderEncoding("UTF-8");
        //设置单个文件最大值10M
        upload.setFileSizeMax(10*1024*1024);
        //设置总共能上传的大小10M
        upload.setSizeMax(1024*1024*10);
        return upload;
    }
    //处理上传文件
    public static String uploadParseRequest(ServletFileUpload upload ,HttpServletRequest request, String uploadPath) throws FileUploadException,IOException {
        String msg = "";
        //把前端请求解析，封装成FileItem对象
        List<FileItem> fileItems = upload.parseRequest(request);
        //fileItems 表单选项对象
        for (FileItem fileItem : fileItems) {
            if (fileItem.isFormField()){//判断是普通表单还是带文件的表单
                //如果是普通表单
                //getFieldName();得到前端表单的name属性的值
                String name = fileItem.getFieldName();
                String value = fileItem.getString("UTF-8");//得到对应的值，处理乱码问题
                System.out.println(name+":"+value);
            }else {
                //判断是上传的文件
                // ==========处理文件=========
                String uploadFileName = fileItem.getName();
                System.out.println("上传的文件名称"+uploadFileName);
                if (uploadFileName.trim().equals("")||uploadFileName==null){
                    continue;
                }
                //获得上传的文件名
                String fileName = uploadFileName.substring(uploadFileName.lastIndexOf("/")+1);
                String fileExtName = uploadFileName.substring(uploadFileName.lastIndexOf(".")+1);
                System.out.println("文件名："+fileName+"文件名后缀："+fileExtName);
                //如果后缀名不对，不是我们想要的类型，直接return，不处理告诉用户不是我们想要的
                /*
                * 网络传输的东西都需要序列化
                * pojo，实体类，如果想要在多台电脑上运行，都需要序列化
                * interface Serializable :标记接口，标记意义:序列化
                * JVM-->调用本地方法栈（native，是使用C++编写的方法），native-->C++
                * */
                //使用UUID类，生成一个唯一的识别标码，作为上传的文件名
                String uuidPath = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
                //=========文件处理完毕====
                //保存文件
                String realPath = uploadPath+"/"+uuidPath;
                //给每个文件创建一个对应的文件夹
                File realPathFile = new File(realPath);
                if (!realPathFile.exists()){
                    realPathFile.mkdir();
                }
                //============文件传输======
                //获取文件上传的流
                InputStream in = fileItem.getInputStream();
                //获取文件输出的流
                FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(realPath+"/"+fileName);
                //创建一个缓冲区
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024*1024];
                int len = 0;
                while((len=in.read(buffer))>0){
                    out.write(buffer,0,len);
                }
                out.close();
                in.close();
                msg = "文件上传完成";
                fileItem.delete();
                //=======文件传输完成
            }
        }
        return msg;
    }

}

2.对应的JSP代码

<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>fileUpLoad</title>
</head>
<body>

<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/upload.do" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
    <p>
        上传用户：<input type="text" name="userName">
    </p>
    <p>
        <input type="file"  name=file1">
    </p>
    <p>
        <input type="file" name="file2">
    </p>
    <input type="submit">|<input type="reset">
</form>

</body>
</html>

3.对应的web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>FileUpLoad</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>fileUpLoad.FileUpLoad</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>FileUpLoad</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/upload.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

4.项目对应的maven依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>fileUpLode</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>fileUpLode</name>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    
    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.4</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

5.使用注意事项

注意：
文件上传需要使用post提交
post 文件上传大小没限制
get 文件上传有限制

如果表单添加控件属性为enctype = multipart/form-data
服务器端想获取文件就需要使用流获取
文件上传必须要在form表单添加enctype控件

处理上传文件需要使用req.getInputStream(),原生方法，使用比较麻烦
建议使用Apache的文件上传组件common-fileupload，它依赖于common-io组件所以需要导入common-fileupload和common-io两个jar包