java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: com.example.coolweather: Targeting S+ (version 31 and above) req

在开发后台服务的时候遇到如下报错

 详细信息如下

E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
    Process: com.example.coolweather, PID: 10459
    java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start service com.example.coolweather.service.AutoUpdateService@8d9abb2 with Intent { cmp=com.example.coolweather/.service.AutoUpdateService }: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: com.example.coolweather: Targeting S+ (version 31 and above) requires that one of FLAG_IMMUTABLE or FLAG_MUTABLE be specified when creating a PendingIntent.
    Strongly consider using FLAG_IMMUTABLE, only use FLAG_MUTABLE if some functionality depends on the PendingIntent being mutable, e.g. if it needs to be used with inline replies or bubbles.
        at android.app.ActivityThread.handleServiceArgs(ActivityThread.java:4725)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.access$2000(ActivityThread.java:257)
        at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:2130)
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:106)
        at android.os.Looper.loopOnce(Looper.java:201)
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:288)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:7911)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
        at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:548)
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1009)
     Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: com.example.coolweather: Targeting S+ (version 31 and above) requires that one of FLAG_IMMUTABLE or FLAG_MUTABLE be specified when creating a PendingIntent.
    Strongly consider using FLAG_IMMUTABLE, only use FLAG_MUTABLE if some functionality depends on the PendingIntent being mutable, e.g. if it needs to be used with inline replies or bubbles.
        at android.app.PendingIntent.checkFlags(PendingIntent.java:378)
        at android.app.PendingIntent.buildServicePendingIntent(PendingIntent.java:727)
        at android.app.PendingIntent.getService(PendingIntent.java:689)
        at com.example.coolweather.service.AutoUpdateService.onStartCommand(AutoUpdateService.java:46)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.handleServiceArgs(ActivityThread.java:4707)
        	... 9 more

源代码：

public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId)
   {
        updateWeather();
        updateBingPic();
        AlarmManager manager = (AlarmManager)getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);
        int anHour = 8 * 60 * 60 * 1000;//这是8小时的毫秒数
        long triggerAtTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + anHour;
        Intent i = new Intent(this,AutoUpdateService.class);
        PendingIntent pi;
        pi = PendingIntent.getService(this,0,i,0);
        manager.cancel(pi);
        manager.set(AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME_WAKEUP,triggerAtTime,pi);
        return super.onStartCommand(intent,flags,startId);
    }

从错误信息来看，这是 Android API 31 中加入的一个新限制，如果没有使用 FLAG_IMMUTABLE 或 FLAG_MUTABLE 标记来创建 PendingIntent，就会抛出 IllegalArgumentException 异常。

查阅资料，Android 12之后创建的每个PendingIntent对象必须使用PendingIntent.FLAG_MUTABLE或PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE标志指定可变性，以提高应用的安全性。

解决方案：

public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId)
    {
        updateWeather();
        updateBingPic();
        AlarmManager manager = (AlarmManager)getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);
        int anHour = 8 * 60 * 60 * 1000;//这是8小时的毫秒数
        long triggerAtTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + anHour;
        Intent i = new Intent(this,AutoUpdateService.class);
        PendingIntent pi;
        if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.S) {
            pi = PendingIntent.getService(this,0,i,PendingIntent.FLAG_MUTABLE);
        } else {
            pi = PendingIntent.getService(this,0,i,0);
        }
        manager.cancel(pi);
        manager.set(AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME_WAKEUP,triggerAtTime,pi);
        return super.onStartCommand(intent,flags,startId);
    }