设计模式——工厂模式

使用场景：工厂类型负责创建的对象比较少；客户只知道传入工厂类型的参数，对于如何创建对象的逻辑不关心

优点：使用户根据参数获得对应的类的实例，避免了直接实例化类，降低了耦合性

缺点：可实例化的类型在编译期间就已经被确定，如要增加新的类型，需修改工厂，违背 开放封闭原则，简单工厂需要知道所以要生成的类型，当子类过多或者子类层次过多时不适合使用

	/// <summary>
	/// 抽象产品类，简单工厂模式所创建的所有对象的父类，它负责描述所有实例所共有的公共接口。
	/// </summary>
	public class Operation
	{
		public decimal Number1 { get; set; }
		public decimal Number2 { get; set; }
	
		public virtual decimal GetResult()
	    {
			return 0;
	    }
	}
	
	/// <summary>
	/// 具体产品类，是简单工厂模式的创建目标。
	/// </summary>
	public class OperationAdd: Operation
	{
	    public override decimal GetResult()
	    {
	        return Number1 + Number2;
	    }
	}
	
	public class OperationSub : Operation
	{
	    public override decimal GetResult()
	    {
	        return Number1 - Number2;
	    }
	}
	
	public class OperationMul : Operation
	{
	    public override decimal GetResult()
	    {
	        return Number1 * Number2;
	    }
	}
	
	public class OperationDiv : Operation
	{
	    public override decimal GetResult()
	    {
	        if (Number2 == 0)
	        {
	            throw new Exception("除数不能为0！");
	        }
	        return Number1 / Number2;
	    }
	}
	
	/// <summary>
	/// 工厂类：简单工厂模式的核心，它负责实现创建所有实例的内部逻辑。工厂类的创建产品类的方法可以被外界直接调用，创建所需的产品对象。
	/// </summary>
	public class OperationFactory
	{
	    public Operation CreatOperation(string operation)
	    {
	        Operation rtn = null;
	        switch (operation)
	        {
	            case "+":
	                rtn = new OperationAdd();
	                break;
	            case "-":
	                rtn = new OperationSub();
	                break;
	            case "*":
	                rtn = new OperationMul();
	                break;
	            case "/":
	                rtn = new OperationDiv();
	                break;
	            default:
	                throw new Exception("未被识别的运算符！");
	        }
	        return rtn;
	    }
	}
	
	public static class SimpleFactoryTest
	{
		public static decimal Test(decimal number1, decimal number2, string operation)
		{
		    Operation oper = new OperationFactory().CreatOperation(operation);
		    oper.Number1 = number1;
		    oper.Number2 = number2;
		    return oper.GetResult();
		}
	}
	
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");
            Console.WriteLine($"简单工厂模式：{SimpleFactoryTest.Test(3, 5, "+")}");;
        }
    }