线程通信(协作)
生产者消费者模式
在生产者消费者问题中,仅有synchronized是不够的
synchronized可阻止并发更新同一个共享资源,实现了同步
synchronized不能用来实现不同线程之间的消息传递(通信)
管程法
利用容器
package Thread;
//测试:生产者消费者模型-->管程法:利用缓冲区解决
//需要的对象:生产者,消费者,产品,缓冲区
public class TestPC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SynContainer synContainer = new SynContainer();
new Productor(synContainer).start();
new Consumer(synContainer).start();
}
}
//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
SynContainer container;
public Productor(SynContainer container){
this.container = container;
}
//生产
@Override
public void run(){
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
container.push(new Chicken(i));
System.out.println("生产了"+i+"只鸡");
}
}
}
//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
SynContainer container;
public Consumer(SynContainer container){
this.container = container;
}
//消费
@Override
public void run(){
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println("消费了"+container.pop().id+"只鸡");
}
}
}
//产品
class Chicken{
int id;//产品编号
public Chicken(int id){
this.id = id;
}
}
//缓冲区
class SynContainer{
//需要一个容器大小
Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
//容器计数器
int count = 0;
//生产者放入产品
public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken) {
//如果容器满了,就需要等待消费者消费
if(count==chickens.length){
//通知消费者消费,生产等待
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果没有满,需要丢入产品
chickens[count]=chicken;
count++;
//可以通知消费者消费了
this.notifyAll();
}
//消费者消费产品
public synchronized Chicken pop(){
//判断能否消费
if(count==0){
//等待生产者生产,消费者等待
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果可以消费
count--;
Chicken chicken = chickens[count];
//吃完了通知生产者生产
this.notifyAll();
return chicken;
}
}
信号灯法
利用标志位
package Thread;
//测试生产者消费者问题2:信号灯法,标志位解决
public class TestPC2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TV tv = new TV();
new Player(tv).start();
new Watcher(tv).start();
}
}
//生产者-->演员
class Player extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Player(TV tv){
this.tv = tv;
}
@Override
public void run(){
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
if(i%2==0){
this.tv.play("啦啦啦啦啦啦啦");
}else {
this.tv.play("广告了");
}
}
}
}
//消费者-->观众
class Watcher extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Watcher(TV tv){
this.tv = tv;
}
@Override
public void run(){
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
tv.watch();
}
}
}
//产品-->节目
class TV{
//演员表演,观众等待 T
//观众观看,演员等待 F
String voice; //表演的节目
boolean flag = true;
//表演
public synchronized void play(String voice){
if(!flag){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("演员表演了:"+voice);
//通知观众观看
this.notifyAll();
this.voice = voice;
this.flag = !this.flag;
}
//观看
public synchronized void watch(){
if(flag){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("观看了:"+voice);
//通知演员表演
this.notifyAll();
this.flag = !this.flag;
}
}
线程池
ExecutorService和Executors
ExecutorService:真正的线程池接口。常见子类ThreadPoolExecutor
void execute(Runnable command):执行任务/命令,没有返回值,一般用来执行Runnable
< T> Future< T> submit(Callable< T> task):执行任务,有返回值,一般又来执行Callable
void shutdown():关闭连接池
Executors:工具类、线程池的工厂类,用于创建并返回不同类型的线程池
package Thread;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
//测试线程池
public class TestPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.创建服务,创建线程池
//newFixedThreadPool 参数为:线程池大小
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
//执行
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
//2.关闭链接
service.shutdown();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}