centos7安装mysql数据库

oragnelove

已于 2023-01-11 08:42:37 修改

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文章标签： mysql 数据库 linux

于 2023-01-10 09:50:11 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_55387802/article/details/128624600

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文章目录

1.使用安装包安装

获取mysql安装包https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

[root@lc133 ~]# ll mysql-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 859453440 1月   9 09:58 mysql-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

卸载旧版本mysql和mariadb

使用rpm和yum命令卸载，查看

[root@lc133 ~]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
[root@lc133 ~]#
[root@lc133 ~]# yum list installed | grep mariadb
[root@lc133 ~]#

删除etc/my.cnf和my.cnf.d文件夹

删除/var/lib/mysql文件夹

删除mysql用户

解压安装包

[root@lc133 mysql]# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
mysql-community-client-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-debuginfo-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-debug-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

安装

[root@lc133 mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-common-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-common-8.0.30-1.e################################# [100%]
   
[root@lc133 mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps
警告：mysql-community-libs-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-libs-8.0.30-1.el7################################# [100%]
   
[root@lc133 mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.3################################# [100%]
   
[root@lc133 mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-client-plugins-8.################################# [100%]
   
[root@lc133 mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-client-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-client-8.0.30-1.e################################# [100%]


[root@lc133 mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.################################# [100%]
   
[root@lc133 mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-server-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-server-8.0.30-1.e################################# [100%]

[root@lc133 mysql]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-community-client-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-server-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-common-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64

重启服务

[root@lc133 mysql]# systemctl restart mysqld.service

2.yum方式安装

删除etc/my.cnf和my.cnf.d文件夹

删除/var/lib/mysql文件夹

删除mysql用户

获取mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm并安装

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/

yum install mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm -y
yum install mysql-community-server -y

重启服务

systemctl restart mysqld.service

安装的程序

[root@lc133 mysql]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-common-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-server-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64
mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch
mysql-community-client-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64

默认的etc/my.cnf配置文件

[root@lc133 mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep -Ev "^$|^#"
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

3.进入mysql数据库

查看默认生成的mysql密码

[root@lc133 mysql]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep "password"
2023-01-09T08:11:36.544743Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Fk0qKIC#B(Tg

或者重设mysql密码

/etc/my.cnf，在最后添加skip-grant-tables

重启mysql服务，直接登录

[root@lc133 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:

清空密码

mysql> update user set authentication_string='' where user='root';
mysql> flush privileges;

注释/etc/my.cnf，skip-grant-tables

重启mysql服务，进入mysql服务，设置root密码

mysql>  ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123@Super' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;

4.关于validate_password 组件

查看mysql动态库文件

[root@lc133 mysql]# ll /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/
总用量 21696
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   30880 7月   7 2022 adt_null.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   95160 7月   7 2022 authentication_fido_client.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6823208 7月   7 2022 authentication_kerberos_client.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6697912 7月   7 2022 authentication_ldap_sasl_client.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  258560 7月   7 2022 authentication_oci_client.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   15624 7月   7 2022 auth_socket.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   24640 7月   7 2022 component_audit_api_message_emit.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1863216 7月   7 2022 component_keyring_file.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   28584 7月   7 2022 component_log_filter_dragnet.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   36720 7月   7 2022 component_log_sink_json.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   20152 7月   7 2022 component_log_sink_syseventlog.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   41456 7月   7 2022 component_mysqlbackup.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   15704 7月   7 2022 component_query_attributes.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   42040 7月   7 2022 component_reference_cache.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  120944 7月   7 2022 component_validate_password.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   54760 7月   7 2022 connection_control.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  233304 7月   7 2022 ddl_rewriter.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2919640 7月   7 2022 group_replication.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   46408 7月   7 2022 ha_example.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   57432 7月   7 2022 ha_mock.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  104456 7月   7 2022 innodb_engine.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  192120 7月   7 2022 keyring_file.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   24104 7月   7 2022 keyring_udf.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  240520 7月   7 2022 libmemcached.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1299608 7月   7 2022 libpluginmecab.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   15056 7月   7 2022 locking_service.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   16008 7月   7 2022 mypluglib.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  239088 7月   7 2022 mysql_clone.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   15592 7月   7 2022 mysql_no_login.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   15640 7月   7 2022 rewrite_example.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  141792 7月   7 2022 rewriter.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   93584 7月   7 2022 semisync_master.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   37464 7月   7 2022 semisync_replica.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   37496 7月   7 2022 semisync_slave.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   93544 7月   7 2022 semisync_source.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  108728 7月   7 2022 validate_password.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   49736 7月   7 2022 version_token.so

安装

1.INSTALL COMPONENT 'file://component_validate_password';
2.INSTALL PLUGIN validate_password SONAME 'validate_password.so';	#linux中是so文件，windows中是dll文件

卸载

1.UNINSTALL COMPONENT 'file://component_validate_password';
2.UNINSTALL PLUGIN validate_password;

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                        | Value  |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password_check_user_name    | ON     |
| validate_password_dictionary_file    |        |
| validate_password_length             | 8      |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count   | 1      |
| validate_password_number_count       | 1      |
| validate_password_policy             | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1      |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

validate-password=ON/OFF/FORCE/FORCE_PLUS_PERMANENT: 决定是否使用该插件(及强制/永久强制使用)。
validate_password_dictionary_file：插件用于验证密码强度的字典文件路径。
validate_password_length：密码最小长度。
validate_password_mixed_case_count：密码至少要包含的小写字母个数和大写字母个数。
validate_password_number_count：密码至少要包含的数字个数。
validate_password_policy：密码强度检查等级，0/LOW、1/MEDIUM、2/STRONG。
validate_password_special_char_count：密码至少要包含的特殊字符数。
其中，关于validate_password_policy-密码强度检查等级：
0/LOW：只检查长度。
1/MEDIUM：检查长度、数字、大小写、特殊字符。
2/STRONG：检查长度、数字、大小写、特殊字符字典文件。

1 set global validate_password.policy=0; #设置密码强度
2 set global validate_password.length=1; #设置密码长度，重启MySQL后失效

my.cnf永久配置密码强度

[mysqld]
....
plugin-load=validate_password.so
validate_password_policy=0
validate_password.length=1
validate-password=FORCE_PLUS_PERMANENT
....

设置简单密码

进入mysql数据库卸载validate_password 组件

mysql> UNINSTALL COMPONENT 'file://component_validate_password';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

创建用户赋予权限

mysql>  create user 'lc'@'%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all on *.* to lc;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)