Linux 安全防护firewalld防火墙

• 防火墙分为硬件防火墙和软件防火墙

• 系统服务：firewalld，CentOS7系统默认使用的防火墙，CentOS6系统默认使用的防火强iptables

• 防火墙：匹配即停止

• 管理工具：firewalld-cmd

• 防火墙预设安全区域

  • public：仅允许访问本机的sshd、DHCP、ping等少量服务
  • trusted：允许任何访问
  • block：拒绝任何来访请求，有明确回应
  • drop：丢弃任何来访的数据包，没有任何回应

#开启防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start firewalld

#查看默认区域
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --get-default-zone
public

#修改默认区域
firewall-cmd --set-default-zone=区域名	 

#将默认区域修改为block
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --set-default-zone=block
success

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --get-default-zone
block

#将默认区域修改为dorp
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --set-default-zone=drop
success

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --get-default-zone
drop

#将默认区域修改为public
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --set-default-zone=public
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --get-default-zone
public

#查看区域规则
firewall-cmd --zone=区域名 --list-all		

#查看public所有规则
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-all
public (active)
  target: default    #默认区域
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: ens32
  sources: 
  services: ssh dhcpv6-client   #允许访问的服务
  ports: 
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules: 
	
#为public区域添加http协议，使用 --add-service=服务名
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=http
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-all
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: ens32
  sources: 
  services: ssh dhcpv6-client http   #添加http协议
  ports: 
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules: 

#为public添加ftp协议
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=ftp
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-all
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: ens32
  sources: 
  services: ssh dhcpv6-client http ftp   #添加ftp协议
  ports: 
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules: 

• 封网段开服务

#若针对永久配置需添加 --permanent
#使用  -- add-source=网段地址

#为public区域永久添加http协议
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=http
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-all
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: ens32
  sources: 
  services: ssh dhcpv6-client http ftp
  ports: 
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules: 

#为public区域永久添加ftp协议	
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=ftp
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-all
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: ens32
  sources: 
  services: ssh dhcpv6-client http ftp
  ports: 
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules: 

#永久修改需重新加载防火墙配置
firewall-cmd --reload
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success

#单独拒绝某一个IP
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=block --add-source=192.168.0.24
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=block --list-all
block (active)
  target: %%REJECT%%
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: 
  sources: 192.168.0.24
  services: 
  ports: 
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules: 

#删除规则：--remove-source

#删除block区域的指定IP
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=block --remove-source=192.168.0.24
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=block --list-all
block

#删除public区域的ftp协议
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-service=ftp
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-all
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: ens32
  sources: 
  services: ssh dhcpv6-client http

• 防火墙端口映射
• 本地应用的端口重定向（端口1 > 端口2）从客户机访问 端口1 的请求，自动映射到本机端口2

#当有人访问5432端口时，映射到本机的80端口
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-forward-port=port=5432:proto=tcp:toport=80
success
#命令解释：
--add--forward   #添加转发端口
port=port=5432   #指定转发的端口
proto=tcp        #指定tcp协议
toport=80        #指定目标端口

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-all
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: ens32
  sources: 
  services: ssh dhcpv6-client http
  ports: 
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: port=5432:proto=tcp:toport=80:toaddr=
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules: