STP生成树协议实际运用

要求：

PC1与PC2能相互连通

命令配置

交换机SW1：
sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname LSW1
[LSW1]vlan bat 10 20
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment…done.
[LSW1]int e0/0/1
[LSW1-Ethernet0/0/1]port hybrid pvid vlan 10
[LSW1-Ethernet0/0/1]port hybrid untagged vlan 10 20
[LSW1-Ethernet0/0/1]int g0/0/1
[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port hybrid pvid vlan 10
[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port hybrid untagged vlan 10 20
[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int e0/0/2
[LSW1-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk
[LSW1-Ethernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20
[LSW1-Ethernet0/0/2]q
[LSW1]stp mode mstp
[LSW1]stp region-configuration
[LSW1-mst-region]region-name huawei
[LSW1-mst-region]revision-level 1
[LSW1-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10
[LSW1-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20
[LSW1-mst-region]active region-configuration
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment…done.
[LSW1-mst-region]q
[LSW1]stp instance 1 root primary
[LSW1]stp instance 2 root secondary

交换机SW2:

sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname LSW2
[LSW2]vlan bat 10 20
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment…done.
[LSW2]int e0/0/1
[LSW2-Ethernet0/0/1]port hybrid pvid vlan 20
[LSW2-Ethernet0/0/1]port hybrid untagged vlan 10 20
[LSW2-Ethernet0/0/1]int g0/0/1
[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port hybrid pvid vlan 20
[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port hybrid untagged vlan 10 20
[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int e0/0/2
[LSW2-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk
[LSW2-Ethernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20
[LSW2-Ethernet0/0/2]q
[LSW2]stp mode mstp
[LSW2]stp region-configuration
[LSW2-mst-region]region-name huawei
[LSW2-mst-region]revision-level 1
[LSW2-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20
[LSW2-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10
[LSW2-mst-region]active region-configuration
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment…done.
[LSW2-mst-region]q
[LSW2]stp instance 1 root secondary
[LSW2]stp instance 2 root primary

交换机SW3:

Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname LSW3
[LSW1]vlan bat 10 20
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment…done.
[LSW3]int e0/0/1
[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/1]port hybrid pvid vlan 10
[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/1]port hybrid untagged vlan 10 20
[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/1]int e0/0/2
[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/2]port hybrid pvid vlan 20
[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/2]port hybrid untagged vlan 10 20
[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/2]int e0/0/3
[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/3]port hybrid pvid vlan 10
[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/3]port hybrid untagged vlan 10 20
[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/3]int e0/0/4
[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/4]port hybrid pvid vlan 20
[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/4]port hybrid untagged vlan 10 20
[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/4]q
[LSW3]stp mode mstp
[LSW3]stp region-configuration
[LSW3-mst-region]region-name huawei
[LSW3-mst-region]revision-level 1
[LSW3-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10
[LSW3-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20
[LSW3-mst-region]active region-configuration
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment…done.

路由器R1：

sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]interface g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.10.254 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.20.254 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R1]interface loop
[R1]interface LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 24

总结：
在一个复杂的网络环境中，难免会出现环路。由于冗余备份的需要，网络设计者都倾向于在设备之间部署多条物理链路，其中一条作主用链路，其他链路作备份，这样都有可能会导致环路产生。 环路会产生广播风暴，最终导致整个网络资源被耗尽，网络瘫痪不可用。环路还会引起MAC地址表震荡导致MAC地址表项被破坏。 为了破除环路，可以采用数据链路层协议STP，运行该协议的设备通过彼此交互信息发现网络中的环路，并有选择的对某个端口进行阻塞，最终将环形网络结构修剪成无环路的树形网络结构，从而防止报文在环形网络中不断循环，避免设备由于重复接收相同的报文造成处理能力下降。