c++基础00

一、
iostream标准库，分为cin\cout\clog\cerr
:: 作用域运算符，用来指出我们想使用定义在命名空间std中的名字cout.
前缀std::指出名字count和endl是定义在名为std的namespace

<< 输出运算符
“string literal” 字符串字面值常量
endl 操作符manipulator 结束当前行

#include <iostream>
/*
 *简单主函数：
 *读取两个数，求他们的和
 */

// /*
 //*注释对/* */不能嵌套。
 //*简单主函数：
 //*读取两个数，求他们的和
 //*/
int main()
{
	//提示用户输入两个数
	std::cout << "Enter two numbers:" << std::endl;
	int v1=0, v2=0;     	//保存我们读入的输入数据的变量
	std::cin >> v1 >> v2;	//读取输入数据
	std::cout << "The sum of " << v1 << " and " <<  v2 
			  << " is " << v1 + v2 << std::endl;
	return 0;
}

二、while
while(condition)
{statement
}

# include <iostream>
int main()
{
	int sum=0,val=1;
	
	while( val <= 10)
		{
		sum += val;
		++val;
		 }
	std::cout << " The sum of 1 to 10 inclusive is " << sum << std::endl;
	return 0;	
}

# include <iostream>
int main()
{
	int sum=0, value=0;
	while( std::cin>>value){
		sum += value;
		 }
	std::cout << " The sum: " << sum << std::endl; 
	return 0;
}

三、for
for(initial-statement; condition; expression)
{statement}
先执行for initial-statement,condition{statement},
执行完statement后执行expression

# include <iostream>
int main()
{
	int sum=0;
	for( int val=1; val <= 10; ++val){
		sum += val;	
		 }
	std::cout << " The sum of 1 to 10 inclusive is " << sum 
	<< std::endl;
	return 0;	
}

四、if语句
运行命令窗口 要输入结束符号(^Z)

 #include<iostream>
int main()
{
	int currVal=0, val=0;
	if(std::cin >> currVal) {
		int cnt=1;
		while (std::cin >> val) {
			if(val == currVal) {
				++cnt;	
			}
			else {
				std::cout << currVal << " occurs "
						  << cnt << " times " << std::endl;
				 currVal=val;
				 cnt=1; 
			}
		}
		std::cout << currVal << " occurs "
				  << cnt << " times " <<std::endl;	
	}
	return 0;
} 
//运行命令窗口 要输入结束符号(^Z) 

五、

#include <iostream> //标准库的头文件用<>
#include"Sales_item.h"  //不同标准库的头文件"" 这是一个h文件
int main()
{
	Sales_item book;
	std::cin >> book;
	std::cout << book << std::endl;
	return 0;
}

```cpp
#include <iostream>
#include"Sales_item.h"
int main()
{
	Sales_item item1, item2;
	std::cin >> item1 >> item2;
	std::cout << item1+item2 << std::endl;
	return 0;
}