深入了解枚举 (enumeration)

传统方法缺陷

缺点：变量数量不确定，不能满足需求，需要枚举类实现

需要一组常量的集合，一种特定的类，其中包含一组有限的特定的对象

public class Enumeration01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season spring = new Season("春天", "温暖");
        Season summer = new Season("夏天", "炎热");
        Season autumn = new Season("秋天", "凉爽");
        Season winter = new Season("冬天", "寒冷");
        //  缺点：变量数量不确定，不能满足需求，需要枚举类实现
        Season other = new Season("~~天", "~~~~");
    }
}
class Season{
    private String name;
    private String desc;
    public Season(String name, String desc) {
        this.name = name;
        this.desc = desc;
    }
}

自定义枚举类

步骤：1.构造器私有化，防止直接new出来
2.去掉set方法，防止属性被修改
3.在Season内部直接创建固定的对象
4.优化，加final修饰符

public class Enumeration02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(Season.SPRING);
        System.out.println(Season.SUMMER);
        System.out.println(Season.AUTUMN);
        System.out.println(Season.WINTER);
    }
}
class Season{
    private String name;
    private String desc;

    public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天", "温暖");
    public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天", "炎热");
    public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天", "凉爽");
    public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天", "寒冷");

    private Season(String name, String desc) {
        this.name = name;
        this.desc = desc;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public String getDesc() {
        return desc;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season类中的内容：{" +
                "名字：'" + name + '\'' +
                ", 描述：'" + desc + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

使用枚举类

无参构造器创建枚举对象，可以简写

枚举对象必须写在枚举类的行首，不能继承（默认继承Enum），可以实现多个接口

public class Enumeration03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
		System.out.println(Season2.SPRING);
        System.out.println(Season2.SUMMER);
        System.out.println(Season2.AUTUMN);
        System.out.println(Season2.WINTER);
    }
}
enum Season2{
    /*  1.构造器私有化，防止直接new出来
        2.去掉set方法，防止属性被修改
        3.在Season内部直接创建固定的对象
        4.优化，加final修饰符
        5.无参构造器创建枚举对象，可以简写
        6.枚举对象必须写在枚举类的行首，不能继承（默认继承Enum），可以实现多个接口
     */
//    public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天", "温暖");
//    public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天", "炎热");
//    public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天", "凉爽");
//    public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天", "寒冷");
    SPRING("春天", "温暖"),
    SUMMER("夏天", "炎热"),
    AUTUMN("秋天", "凉爽"),
    WINTER("冬天", "寒冷"),
    WHAT;
    
    
    
    //无参构造器创建枚举对象，可以简写
    private String name;
    private String desc;

    private Season2(String name, String desc) {
        this.name = name;
        this.desc = desc;
    }
    private Season2(){}
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public String getDesc() {
        return desc;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season类中的内容：{" +
                "名字：'" + name + '\'' +
                ", 描述：'" + desc + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

枚举方法

1. name
2. ordinal (序数)
3. values (生成数组)
4. value of (查找)
5. compareTo (比较)

package com.fu;

/**
 * @author 付广建
 * @version 1.0
 */
public class EnumMethod {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("name =" + Season2.SPRING.name());
        System.out.println("number =" + Season2.SPRING.ordinal());
        Season2[] values = Season2.values();
        System.out.println("===for遍历:===");
        for (Season2 value : values) {
            System.out.println("number = " + value);
        }
        System.out.println("查找：" + Season2.valueOf("SPRING"));
        System.out.println("比较器比较（前减后）：" + Season2.SPRING.compareTo(Season2.WINTER));

    }
}

name =SPRING
number =0
===for遍历:===
number = Season类中的内容：{名字：'春天', 描述：'温暖'}
number = Season类中的内容：{名字：'夏天', 描述：'炎热'}
number = Season类中的内容：{名字：'秋天', 描述：'凉爽'}
number = Season类中的内容：{名字：'冬天', 描述：'寒冷'}
查找：Season类中的内容：{名字：'春天', 描述：'温暖'}
比较器比较（前减后）：-3

Process finished with exit code 0