javaweb技术之会话

一.什么是会话跟踪技术

        会话:用户打开浏览器，访问web服务器的资源，会话建立，直到有一方断开连接，会话结束。在一次会话中可以包含==多次==请求和响应。

实现方式：

       1.客户端会话跟踪技术：Cookie

       2.服务端会话跟踪技术：Session

1.什么是Cookie？

        客户端会话技术，将数据保存到客户端，以后每次请求都携带Cookie数据进行访问。

2.cookie的使用

2.1创建Cookie对象，并设置数据

Cookie cookie = new Cookie("key","value");

2.2发送Cookie到客户端：使用==response==对象

response.addCookie(cookie); 

(1)创建Maven项目cookie-demo，并在pom.xml添加依赖  

<properties>
    <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <!--servlet-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!--jsp-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
        <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.2</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!--jstl-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>jstl</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
        <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
        <version>1.1.2</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

(2)编写Servlet类，名称为AServlet

@WebServlet("/aServlet")
public class AServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

(3)在Servlet中创建Cookie对象，存入数据，发送给前端

@WebServlet("/aServlet")
public class AServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //发送Cookie
        //1. 创建Cookie对象
        Cookie cookie = new Cookie("username","zs");
        //2. 发送Cookie，response
        response.addCookie(cookie);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}