引入Spring IOC 和 DI

引入IOC之前
先来看看项目常用后端代码结构 下图所示：

代码实现
User模块实体类：User.java

package entity;

public class User {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Integer gender;
}
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User模块视图类：UserVo.java

package vo;

public class UserVo {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Integer gender;
private String genderName;
// 省略getter&setter方法
public UserVo() {
}
public UserVo(User user) {
this.id = user.getId();
this.name = user.getName();
this.gender = user.getGender();
}
// 省略toString方法
}
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User模块Dao层：UserDao.java

package dao;

public interface UserDao {
User getEntity(Integer id);
}
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User模块Dao层实现类：UserDaoImpl.java

package dao.impl;

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
public User getEntity(Integer id) {
// 此处应该从数据库查询值 方便起见直接返回一个固定对象
User user = new User();
user.setId(1);
user.setName(“Anne”);
user.setGender(0);
return user;
}
}
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User模块Service层：UserService.java

package services;

public interface UserService {
UserVo getVo(Integer id);
}

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User模块Service层实现类：UserServiceImpl.java

package services.impl;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
private UserDao userDao;

public UserVo getVo(Integer id) {
    // 手动实例化Dao
    userDao = new UserDaoImpl();
    // 执行Dao层方法
    User user = userDao.getEntity(id);
    // 省略业务逻辑处理。。。
    UserVo userVo = new UserVo(user);
    userVo.setGenderName(userVo.getGender() == 0 ? "female" : "male");
    return userVo;
}

}
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User模块Controller层：UserController.java

package controller;

public class UserController {
private UserService userService;

public UserVo getVo(Integer id) {
    // 手动实例化Service
    userService = new UserServiceImpl();
    // 执行Service层方法并返回
    return userService.getVo(id);
}

}
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User模块测试类：UserTest.java

public class UserTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 手动实例化Controller
UserController userController = new UserController();
// 执行Controller层方法
UserVo userVo = userController.getVo(1);
System.out.println(userVo);
}
}
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测试结果

XML改注解(IOC)
核心配置文件修改
在dao、services、controller下的类是需要扫描自动注入容器的

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!-- bean definitions here -->
<context:component-scan base-package="dao"/>
<context:component-scan base-package="services"/>
<context:component-scan base-package="controller"/>

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 这里要把userService 改成userDao 不然会报错

展示运行结果

引入DI
代码实现

User模块Controller层：UserController.java

package controller;

@Controller
public class UserController {
// 改为自动注入
@Autowired
private UserService userService;

public UserVo getVo(Integer id, ApplicationContext context) {
    // 执行Service层方法，因为之后还需要用到context对象，故下传
    return userService.getVo(id, context);
}

}
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User模块Dao层实现类：UserDaoImpl.java

去除指定bean id，改为默认bean id（userDaoImpl）

package dao.impl;

// 改为默认bean id“userDaoImpl”
@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
public User getEntity(Integer id) {
// 此处应该从数据库查询值 方便起见直接返回一个固定对象
User user = new User();
user.setId(1);
user.setName(“Anne”);
user.setGender(0);
return user;
}
}
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User模块Service层实现类：UserServiceImpl.java

改为自动注入并指定需要注入的实例id

package services.impl;

@Service(“userService”)
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
// 改为自动注入并指定需要注入的实例id
@Autowired
@Qualifier(“userDaoImpl”)
private UserDao userDao;

public UserVo getVo(Integer id) {
    // 执行Dao层方法
    User user = userDao.getEntity(id);
    // 省略业务逻辑处理。。。
    UserVo userVo = new UserVo(user);
    userVo.setGenderName(userVo.getGender() == 0 ? "female" : "male");
    return userVo;
}

}