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最新推荐文章于 2024-03-05 11:29:31 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_56069070/article/details/122597863

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一、微服务

①什么是微服务

②发展历程（单体应用程序---》垂直应用架构--》分布式架构--》SOA架构--》微服务架构）

一、微服务

①什么是微服务

是一种架构风格,将业务拆分成模块,部署在不同的主机上提供结构,提供服务,通过http的方式通信.

②发展历程（单体应用程序---》垂直应用架构--》分布式架构--》SOA架构--》微服务架构）

单体应用程序

将一个应用的所有应用服务都封在一个应用中,无论什么系统,都把数据库访问,web访问,各个功能放在一个war包内.

好处:
架构简单,项目开发成本低.
所有项目模块部署到一起,对于小型项目来说,维护方便.
缺点:
所有模块耦合在一起,虽然对于小型项目来说,维护方便.但是,对于大型项目来说,却是不易开发
和维护的.
项目的各模块之前过于耦合,如果一旦有一个模块出现问题,则整个项目将不可用.
无法针对某个具体模块来提升性能.
无法对项目进行水平扩展

垂直应用架构

随着企业业务的不断发展,发现单节点的单体应用不足以支撑业务的发展,于是企业会将单体应用部署多份,分别放在不同的服务器上.但是,此时会发现不是所有的模块都会有比较大的访问量.如果想针对项目中的某些模块进行优化和性能提升,此时对于单体应用来说,是做不到的.

于是垂直应用架构诞生了.垂直应用架构,就是将原来一个项目应用进行拆分,将其拆分为互不想干的几个应用,以此来提升系统的整体性能.

我们将单体应用架构拆分为垂直应用架构之后,一旦访问量变大,我们只需要针对访问量大的业务增加服务器节点即可,无需针对整个项目增加服务器节点了.

好处:
系统进行了拆分,可根据不同系统的访问情况,有针对性的进行优化.
能够实现应用的水平扩展.
各系统能够分担整体访问的流量,解决了并发问题.
一个系统发生了故障,不应用其他系统的运行情况,提高了整体的容错率.
缺点:
拆分后的各系统之间相对比较独立,无法进行互相调用.
各系统难免存在重叠的业务,会存在重复开发的业务,后期维护比较困难.

分布式架构

我们将系统演变为垂直应用架构之后,当垂直应用越来越多,重复编写的业务代码就会越来越多.
此时,我们需要将重复的代码抽象出来,形成统一的服务供其他系统或者业务模块来进行调用,系统就会演变为分布式架构.
在分布式架构中,我们会将系统整体拆分为服务层和表现层.服务层封装了具体的业务逻辑供表现层调用,表现层则负责处理与页面的交互操作.

好处:
将重复的业务代码抽象出来,形成公共的访问服务,提高了代码的复用性.
可以有针对性的对系统和服务进行性能优化,以提升整体的访问性能.
缺点:
系统之间的耦合度变高,调用关系变得复杂,难以维护.
系统之间交互需要远程通信,接口发开增加工作量

集群与分布式

垂直拆分(分布式): 就是多个子系统互相协作才能完成整个业务流程,系统之间需要进行通信.
水平扩展(集群): 就是同一个工程部署到多台服务器上.

SOA架构

在分布式架构下,当部署的服务越来越多,重复的代码就会越来越多,对于容量的评估,小服务资源的浪费等问题比较严重.
此时,我们就需要增加一个统一的调度中心来对集群进行实时管理.此时,系统就会演变为SOA（面向服务）的架构.

好处:
使用注册中心解决了各个服务之间的服务依赖和调用关系的自动注册与发现.
缺点:
服务之间的依赖与调用关系复杂,测试部署的困难比较大.

微服务架构

随着业务的发展,我们在SOA架构的基础上进一步扩展,将其彻底拆分为微服务架构.
在微服务架构下,我们将一个大的项目拆分为一个个小的可以独立部署的微服务,每个微服务都有自己的数据库.

好处:
①服务彻底拆分 , 各服务独立打包、独立部署和独立升级 .
②每个微服务负责的业务比较清晰 , 利于后期扩展和维护 .
③微服务之间可以采用 REST 和 RPC 协议进行通信 .
缺点:
①涉及到各服务的容错性问题 .
②涉及到数据的一致性问题 .
③涉及到分布式事务问题 .
SOA 架构和微服务架构的区别
①SOA （ Service Oriented Architecture ） " 面向服务的架构 ": 他是一种设计方法 , 其中包含多个服务 ,服务之间通过相互依赖最终提供一系列的功能 . 一个服务通常以独立的形式存在与操作系统进程中 .
②各个服务之间通过网络调用.
③MicroServices " 微服务架构 ": 其实和 SOA 架构类似 , 微服务是在 SOA
上做的升华 , 微服务架构强调的一个重点是 “ 业务需要彻底的组件化和服务化 ”, 原有的单个业务系统会拆分为多个可以独立开发、设计、运行的小应用. 这些小应用之间通过服务完成交互和集成
微服务架构 = 80%的SOA服务架构思想 + 100%的组件化架构思想 + 80%的领域建模思想

二、构建SpringBoot项目

构建项目

url使用阿里云网站比较好

建成后的pom文件为

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.pw</groupId>
    <artifactId>code</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>springboot_02</name>
    <description>springboot_02</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <spring-boot.version>2.4.1</spring-boot.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.4.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>com.pw.code.Springboot02Application</mainClass>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>repackage</id>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>repackage</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

在这个文件里依赖不需要定义版本号，都是内定好了的

在spring-boot-dependencies文件中

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
  <version>2.4.1</version>
  <packaging>pom</packaging>
  <name>spring-boot-dependencies</name>
  <description>Spring Boot Dependencies</description>
  <url>https://spring.io/projects/spring-boot</url>
  <licenses>
    <license>
      <name>Apache License, Version 2.0</name>
      <url>https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0</url>
    </license>
  </licenses>
  <developers>
    <developer>
      <name>Pivotal</name>
      <email>[email protected]</email>
      <organization>Pivotal Software, Inc.</organization>
      <organizationUrl>https://www.spring.io</organizationUrl>
    </developer>
  </developers>
  <scm>
    <url>https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot</url>
  </scm>
  <properties>
    <activemq.version>5.16.0</activemq.version>
    <antlr2.version>2.7.7</antlr2.version>
    <appengine-sdk.version>1.9.83</appengine-sdk.version>
    <artemis.version>2.15.0</artemis.version>
    <aspectj.version>1.9.6</aspectj.version>
    <assertj.version>3.18.1</assertj.version>
    <atomikos.version>4.0.6</atomikos.version>
    <awaitility.version>4.0.3</awaitility.version>
    <bitronix.version>2.1.4</bitronix.version>
    <build-helper-maven-plugin.version>3.2.0</build-helper-maven-plugin.version>
    <byte-buddy.version>1.10.18</byte-buddy.version>
    <caffeine.version>2.8.8</caffeine.version>
    <cassandra-driver.version>4.9.0</cassandra-driver.version>
    <classmate.version>1.5.1</classmate.version>
    <commons-codec.version>1.15</commons-codec.version>
    <commons-dbcp2.version>2.8.0</commons-dbcp2.version>
    <commons-lang3.version>3.11</commons-lang3.version>
    <commons-pool.version>1.6</commons-pool.version>
    <commons-pool2.version>2.9.0</commons-pool2.version>
    <couchbase-client.version>3.0.10</couchbase-client.version>
    <db2-jdbc.version>11.5.5.0</db2-jdbc.version>
    <dependency-management-plugin.version>1.0.10.RELEASE</dependency-management-plugin.version>
    <derby.version>10.14.2.0</derby.version>
    <dropwizard-metrics.version>4.1.16</dropwizard-metrics.version>
    <ehcache.version>2.10.6</ehcache.version>
    <ehcache3.version>3.9.0</ehcache3.version>
    <elasticsearch.version>7.9.3</elasticsearch.version>
    <embedded-mongo.version>2.2.0</embedded-mongo.version>
    <flyway.version>7.1.1</flyway.version>
    <freemarker.version>2.3.30</freemarker.version>
    <git-commit-id-plugin.version>3.0.1</git-commit-id-plugin.version>
    <glassfish-el.version>3.0.3</glassfish-el.version>
    <glassfish-jaxb.version>2.3.3</glassfish-jaxb.version>
    <groovy.version>2.5.14</groovy.version>
    <gson.version>2.8.6</gson.version>
    <h2.version>1.4.200</h2.version>
    <hamcrest.version>2.2</hamcrest.version>
    <hazelcast.version>4.0.3</hazelcast.version>
    <hazelcast-hibernate5.version>2.1.1</hazelcast-hibernate5.version>
    <hibernate.version>5.4.25.Final</hibernate.version>
    <hibernate-validator.version>6.1.6.Final</hibernate-validator.version>
    <hikaricp.version>3.4.5</hikaricp.version>
    <hsqldb.version>2.5.1</hsqldb.version>
    <htmlunit.version>2.44.0</htmlunit.version>
    <httpasyncclient.version>4.1.4</httpasyncclient.version>
    <httpclient.version>4.5.13</httpclient.version>
    <httpcore.version>4.4.14</httpcore.version>
    <infinispan.version>11.0.8.Final</infinispan.version>
    <influxdb-java.version>2.20</influxdb-java.version>
    <jackson-bom.version>2.11.3</jackson-bom.version>
    <jakarta-activation.version>1.2.2</jakarta-activation.version>
    <jakarta-annotation.version>1.3.5</jakarta-annotation.version>
    <jakarta-jms.version>2.0.3</jakarta-jms.version>
    <jakarta-json.version>1.1.6</jakarta-json.version>
    <jakarta-json-bind.version>1.0.2</jakarta-json-bind.version>
    <jakarta-mail.version>1.6.5</jakarta-mail.version>
    <jakarta-persistence.version>2.2.3</jakarta-persistence.version>
    <jakarta-servlet.version>4.0.4</jakarta-servlet.version>
    <jakarta-servlet-jsp-jstl.version>1.2.7</jakarta-servlet-jsp-jstl.version>
    <jakarta-transaction.version>1.3.3</jakarta-transaction.version>
    <jakarta-validation.version>2.0.2</jakarta-validation.version>
    <jakarta-websocket.version>1.1.2</jakarta-websocket.version>
    <jakarta-ws-rs.version>2.1.6</jakarta-ws-rs.version>
    <jakarta-xml-bind.version>2.3.3</jakarta-xml-bind.version>
    <jakarta-xml-soap.version>1.4.2</jakarta-xml-soap.version>
    <jakarta-xml-ws.version>2.3.3</jakarta-xml-ws.version>
    <janino.version>3.1.2</janino.version>
    <javax-activation.version>1.2.0</javax-activation.version>
    <javax-annotation.version>1.3.2</javax-annotation.version>
    <javax-cache.version>1.1.1</javax-cache.version>
    <javax-jaxb.version>2.3.1</javax-jaxb.version>
    <javax-jaxws.version>2.3.1</javax-jaxws.version>
    <javax-jms.version>2.0.1</javax-jms.version>
    <javax-json.version>1.1.4</javax-json.version>
    <javax-jsonb.version>1.0</javax-jsonb.version>
    <javax-mail.version>1.6.2</javax-mail.version>
    <javax-money.version>1.1</javax-money.version>
    <javax-persistence.version>2.2</javax-persistence.version>
    <javax-transaction.version>1.3</javax-transaction.version>
    <javax-validation.version>2.0.1.Final</javax-validation.version>
    <javax-websocket.version>1.1</javax-websocket.version>
    <jaxen.version>1.2.0</jaxen.version>
    <jaybird.version>3.0.9</jaybird.version>
    <jboss-logging.version>3.4.1.Final</jboss-logging.version>
    <jboss-transaction-spi.version>7.6.0.Final</jboss-transaction-spi.version>
    <jdom2.version>2.0.6</jdom2.version>
    <jedis.version>3.3.0</jedis.version>
    <jersey.version>2.32</jersey.version>
    <jetty-el.version>8.5.54</jetty-el.version>
    <jetty-jsp.version>2.2.0.v201112011158</jetty-jsp.version>
    <jetty-reactive-httpclient.version>1.1.4</jetty-reactive-httpclient.version>
    <jetty.version>9.4.35.v20201120</jetty.version>
    <jmustache.version>1.15</jmustache.version>
    <johnzon.version>1.2.8</johnzon.version>
    <jolokia.version>1.6.2</jolokia.version>
    <jooq.version>3.14.4</jooq.version>
    <json-path.version>2.4.0</json-path.version>
    <json-smart.version>2.3</json-smart.version>
    <jsonassert.version>1.5.0</jsonassert.version>
    <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
    <jtds.version>1.3.1</jtds.version>
    <junit.version>4.13.1</junit.version>
    <junit-jupiter.version>5.7.0</junit-jupiter.version>
    <kafka.version>2.6.0</kafka.version>
    <kotlin.version>1.4.21</kotlin.version>
    <kotlin-coroutines.version>1.4.2</kotlin-coroutines.version>
    <lettuce.version>6.0.1.RELEASE</lettuce.version>
    <liquibase.version>3.10.3</liquibase.version>
    <log4j2.version>2.13.3</log4j2.version>
    <logback.version>1.2.3</logback.version>
    <lombok.version>1.18.16</lombok.version>
    <mariadb.version>2.7.1</mariadb.version>
    <maven-antrun-plugin.version>1.8</maven-antrun-plugin.version>
    <maven-assembly-plugin.version>3.3.0</maven-assembly-plugin.version>
    <maven-clean-plugin.version>3.1.0</maven-clean-plugin.version>
    <maven-compiler-plugin.version>3.8.1</maven-compiler-plugin.version>
    <maven-dependency-plugin.version>3.1.2</maven-dependency-plugin.version>
    <maven-deploy-plugin.version>2.8.2</maven-deploy-plugin.version>
    <maven-enforcer-plugin.version>3.0.0-M3</maven-enforcer-plugin.version>
    <maven-failsafe-plugin.version>2.22.2</maven-failsafe-plugin.version>
    <maven-help-plugin.version>3.2.0</maven-help-plugin.version>
    <maven-install-plugin.version>2.5.2</maven-install-plugin.version>
    <maven-invoker-plugin.version>3.2.1</maven-invoker-plugin.version>
    <maven-jar-plugin.version>3.2.0</maven-jar-plugin.version>
    <maven-javadoc-plugin.version>3.2.0</maven-javadoc-plugin.version>
    <maven-resources-plugin.version>3.2.0</maven-resources-plugin.version>
    <maven-shade-plugin.version>3.2.4</maven-shade-plugin.version>
    <maven-source-plugin.version>3.2.1</maven-source-plugin.version>
    <maven-surefire-plugin.version>2.22.2</maven-surefire-plugin.version>
    <maven-war-plugin.version>3.3.1</maven-war-plugin.version>
    <micrometer.version>1.6.2</micrometer.version>
    <mimepull.version>1.9.13</mimepull.version>
    <mockito.version>3.6.28</mockito.version>
    <mongodb.version>4.1.1</mongodb.version>
    <mssql-jdbc.version>8.4.1.jre8</mssql-jdbc.version>
    <mysql.version>8.0.22</mysql.version>
    <nekohtml.version>1.9.22</nekohtml.version>
    <neo4j-java-driver.version>4.1.1</neo4j-java-driver.version>
    <netty.version>4.1.55.Final</netty.version>
    <netty-tcnative.version>2.0.35.Final</netty-tcnative.version>
    <oauth2-oidc-sdk.version>8.23.1</oauth2-oidc-sdk.version>
    <nimbus-jose-jwt.version>9.1.3</nimbus-jose-jwt.version>
    <ojdbc.version>19.3.0.0</ojdbc.version>
    <okhttp3.version>3.14.9</okhttp3.version>
    <oracle-database.version>19.8.0.0</oracle-database.version>
    <pooled-jms.version>1.2.1</pooled-jms.version>
    <postgresql.version>42.2.18</postgresql.version>
    <prometheus-pushgateway.version>0.9.0</prometheus-pushgateway.version>
    <quartz.version>2.3.2</quartz.version>
    <querydsl.version>4.4.0</querydsl.version>
    <r2dbc-bom.version>Arabba-SR8</r2dbc-bom.version>
    <rabbit-amqp-client.version>5.10.0</rabbit-amqp-client.version>
    <reactive-streams.version>1.0.3</reactive-streams.version>
    <reactor-bom.version>2020.0.2</reactor-bom.version>
    <rest-assured.version>3.3.0</rest-assured.version>
    <rsocket.version>1.1.0</rsocket.version>
    <rxjava.version>1.3.8</rxjava.version>
    <rxjava-adapter.version>1.2.1</rxjava-adapter.version>
    <rxjava2.version>2.2.20</rxjava2.version>
    <saaj-impl.version>1.5.2</saaj-impl.version>
    <selenium.version>3.141.59</selenium.version>
    <selenium-htmlunit.version>2.44.0</selenium-htmlunit.version>
    <sendgrid.version>4.6.8</sendgrid.version>
    <servlet-api.version>4.0.1</servlet-api.version>
    <slf4j.version>1.7.30</slf4j.version>
    <snakeyaml.version>1.27</snakeyaml.version>
    <solr.version>8.5.2</solr.version>
    <spring-amqp.version>2.3.2</spring-amqp.version>
    <spring-batch.version>4.3.1</spring-batch.version>
    <spring-data-bom.version>2020.0.2</spring-data-bom.version>
    <spring-framework.version>5.3.2</spring-framework.version>
    <spring-hateoas.version>1.2.2</spring-hateoas.version>
    <spring-integration.version>5.4.2</spring-integration.version>
    <spring-kafka.version>2.6.4</spring-kafka.version>
    <spring-ldap.version>2.3.3.RELEASE</spring-ldap.version>
    <spring-restdocs.version>2.0.5.RELEASE</spring-restdocs.version>
    <spring-retry.version>1.3.0</spring-retry.version>
    <spring-security.version>5.4.2</spring-security.version>
    <spring-session-bom.version>2020.0.1</spring-session-bom.version>
    <spring-ws.version>3.0.10.RELEASE</spring-ws.version>
    <sqlite-jdbc.version>3.32.3.3</sqlite-jdbc.version>
    <sun-mail.version>1.6.5</sun-mail.version>
    <thymeleaf.version>3.0.11.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
    <thymeleaf-extras-data-attribute.version>2.0.1</thymeleaf-extras-data-attribute.version>
    <thymeleaf-extras-java8time.version>3.0.4.RELEASE</thymeleaf-extras-java8time.version>
    <thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity.version>3.0.4.RELEASE</thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity.version>
    <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.5.1</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
    <tomcat.version>9.0.41</tomcat.version>
    <unboundid-ldapsdk.version>4.0.14</unboundid-ldapsdk.version>
    <undertow.version>2.2.3.Final</undertow.version>
    <versions-maven-plugin.version>2.8.1</versions-maven-plugin.version>
    <webjars-hal-browser.version>3325375</webjars-hal-browser.version>
    <webjars-locator-core.version>0.46</webjars-locator-core.version>
    <wsdl4j.version>1.6.3</wsdl4j.version>
    <xml-maven-plugin.version>1.0.2</xml-maven-plugin.version>
    <xmlunit2.version>2.7.0</xmlunit2.version>
  </properties>
  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
        <artifactId>activemq-amqp</artifactId>
        <version>${activemq.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
        <artifactId>activemq-blueprint</artifactId>
        <version>${activemq.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
        <artifactId>activemq-broker</artifactId>
        <version>${activemq.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
        <artifactId>activemq-camel</artifactId>
        <version>${activemq.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
        <artifactId>activemq-client</artifactId>
        <version>${activemq.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
        <artifactId>activemq-console</artifactId>
        <version>${activemq.version}</version>
        <exclusions>
          <exclusion>
            <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
          </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
        <artifactId>activemq-http</artifactId>
        <version>${activemq.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
        <artifactId>activemq-jaas</artifactId>
        <version>${activemq.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
        <artifactId>activemq-jdbc-store</artifactId>
        <version>${activemq.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
        <artifactId>activemq-jms-pool</artifactId>
        <version>${activemq.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
        <artifactId>activemq-kahadb-store</artifactId>
        <version>${activemq.v

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SpringBoot入门

目录一、微服务①什么是微服务②发展历程（单体应用程序---》垂直应用架构--》分布式架构--》SOA架构--》微服务架构）单体应用程序垂直应用架构分布式架构SOA架构微服务架构二、构建SpringBoot项目三、基于配置文件的注入四、多环境配置一、微服务①什么是微服务是一种架构风格,将业务拆分成模块,部署在不同的主机上提供结构,提供服务,通过http的方式通信.②发展历程（单体应用程序---》垂直应用架构--》分布式架构--》SOA架构--》.
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