docker四种网络配置

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最新推荐文章于 2022-10-29 22:28:30 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_56129498/article/details/119381705

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bridge模式配置

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --rm busybox /bin/sh
/ # ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:02  
          inet addr:172.17.0.2  Bcast:172.17.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:9 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:766 (766.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

/ # exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
#在创建容器时添加--network bridge与不加--network选项效果是一致的
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --network bridge --rm busybox
/ # ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:02  
          inet addr:172.17.0.2  Bcast:172.17.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:9 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:766 (766.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

/ # exit
这里可以说明，docker默认使用的就是bridge模式

none模式配置

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --network none --rm busybox
/ # ifconfig
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

/ # exit
这里可以看到，none模式只有lo回环网络，没有其他网卡。

container模式配置

启动第一个容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --rm busybox
/ # ifconfig 
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:02  
          inet addr:172.17.0.2  Bcast:172.17.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:696 (696.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

第二个容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t2 --rm busybox
/ # ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:03  
          inet addr:172.17.0.3  Bcast:172.17.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:516 (516.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

这里可以看到两个容器的IP地址是不一样的，也就是说没有共享网络，没有使用container模式，我们可以把第二个容器的启动方式指定为container模式，使t1、t2的容器IP一致，也就是共享IP，但是文件系统不共享。

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t2 --rm --network container:t1 busybox
/ # ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:02  
          inet addr:172.17.0.2  Bcast:172.17.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:15 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:1186 (1.1 KiB)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
#可以看到我们的IP地址和T1一致，表示已经共享IP

我们在t1容器上创建一个目录

/ # mkdir /tmp/data
/ # ls /tmp
data

在t2上查看/tmp下会不会有这个目录。

/ # ls /tmp
/ # 
#到t2容器上检查/tmp目录会发现并没有这个目录，因为文件系统是处于隔离状态，仅仅是共享了网络而已。

在t2容器上部署一个站点

/ # echo 'hello world' > /tmp/index.html
/ # ls /tmp
index.html
/ # httpd -h /tmp
/ # netstat -antl
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       
tcp        0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN

在t1容器上用本地地址去访问此站点

/ # wget -O - -q 127.0.0.1:80
hello world

host模式配置

启动容器时直接指明模式为host

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --rm --network host busybox
/ # ifconfig
docker0   Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:72:B9:31:48  
          inet addr:172.17.0.1  Bcast:172.17.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::42:72ff:feb9:3148/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:13 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:1166 (1.1 KiB)

ens33     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:50:56:39:09:0E  
          inet addr:192.168.10.22  Bcast:192.168.10.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::250:56ff:fe39:90e/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:6271 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:2556 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:5296993 (5.0 MiB)  TX bytes:220082 (214.9 KiB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
/ # echo 'hello world' > /tmp/index.html
/ # httpd -h /tmp
/ # netstat -antl
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 192.168.10.22:22        192.168.10.1:59524      ESTABLISHED 
tcp        0      0 192.168.10.22:22        192.168.10.1:52812      ESTABLISHED 
tcp        0      0 192.168.10.22:22        192.168.10.1:52273      ESTABLISHED 
tcp        0      0 192.168.10.22:22        192.168.10.1:52810      ESTABLISHED 
tcp        0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN

容器的常用操作

查看容器的主机名

root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --rm busybox
/ # hostname
6997c68d5a85

在容器启动时注入主机名

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --hostname panghu --rm busybox
/ # hostname
panghu
/ # cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1	localhost
::1	localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0	ip6-localnet
ff00::0	ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1	ip6-allnodes
ff02::2	ip6-allrouters
172.17.0.2	panghu			#注入主机名时会自动创建主机名到IP的映射关系
/ # cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 114.114.114.114		#DNS也会自动配置为宿主机的DNS
/ # ping www.baidu.com
PING www.baidu.com (182.61.200.7): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 182.61.200.7: seq=0 ttl=127 time=46.518 ms
64 bytes from 182.61.200.7: seq=1 ttl=127 time=38.678 ms

手动指定容器要使用的DNS

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --hostname panghu --dns 192.168.10.2 busybox
/ # cat /etc/resolv.conf 
nameserver 192.168.10.2
/ # nslookup -type=a www.baidu.com
Server:		192.168.10.2
Address:	192.168.10.2:53

Non-authoritative answer:
www.baidu.com	canonical name = www.a.shifen.com
Name:	www.a.shifen.com
Address: 182.61.200.6
Name:	www.a.shifen.com
Address: 182.61.200.7

手动往/etc/hosts文件中注入主机名到IP地址映射

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --hostname panghu --add-host www.a.com:10.0.0.1 --rm busybox
/ # cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1	localhost
::1	localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0	ip6-localnet
ff00::0	ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1	ip6-allnodes
ff02::2	ip6-allrouters
10.0.0.1	www.a.com
172.17.0.2	panghu

开放容器端口

执行docker run的时候有个-p选项，可以将容器中的应用端口映射到宿主机中，从而实现让外部主机可以通过访问宿主机的某端口来访问容器内应用的目的。

-p选项能够使用多次，其所能够暴露的端口必须是容器确实在监听的端口。

-p选项的使用格式：

-p <containerPort>
- 将指定的容器端口映射至主机所有地址的一个动态端口
-p <hostPort>:<containerPort>
- 将容器端口<containerPort>映射至指定的主机端口<hostPort>
-p <ip>::<containerPort>
- 将指定的容器端口<containerPort>映射至主机指定<ip>的动态端口
-p <ip>:<hostPort>:<containerPort>
- 将指定的容器端口<containerPort>映射至主机指定<ip>的端口<hostPort>

动态端口指的是随机端口，具体的映射结果可使用docker port命令查看

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name web --rm -p 80 phsama/a1:v1.1

以上命令执行后会一直占用着前端，我们新开一个终端连接来看一下容器的80端口被映射到了宿主机的什么端口上

[root@localhost ~]# docker port web
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:49157
80/tcp -> :::49157

由此可见，容器的80端口被暴露到了宿主机的49157端口上，此时我们在宿主机上访问一下这个端口看是否能访问到容器内的站点

[root@localhost ~]# curl http://127.0.0.1:49157
....
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
    <head>
        <title>Test Page for the Nginx HTTP Server on Red Hat Enterprise Linux</title>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
        <style type="text/css">
            /*<![CDATA[*/
            body {
                background-color: #fff;
                color: #000;
                font-size: 0.9em;
                font-family: sans-serif,helvetica;
                margin: 0;
                padding: 0;

iptables防火墙规则将随容器的创建自动生成，随容器的删除自动删除规则。

将容器端口映射到指定IP的随机端口

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name web --rm -p 192.168.10.22::80 nginx

在另一个终端上查看端口映射情况

[root@localhost ~]# docker port web
80/tcp -> 192.168.10.22:49153

将容器端口映射到宿主机的指定端口

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name web --rm -p 80:80 nginx

在另一个终端查看端口映射情况

[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State         Recv-Q         Send-Q                 Local Address:Port                 Peer Address:Port        Process        
LISTEN        0              128                          0.0.0.0:80                        0.0.0.0:*                          
LISTEN        0              128                          0.0.0.0:22                        0.0.0.0:*                          
LISTEN        0              128                             [::]:80                           [::]:*                          
LISTEN        0              128                             [::]:22

自定义docker0桥的网络属性信息

官方文档相关配置

自定义docker0桥的网络属性信息需要修改/etc/docker/daemon.json配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
    "bip": "10.0.0.1/24",
    "registry-mirrors": ["https://******.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload 
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default 
    link/ether 02:42:27:b5:b5:23 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.0.1/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
#如果要指定其他的参数可以再/etc/docker/daemon.json里再加
{
  "bip": "192.168.1.5/24",
  "fixed-cidr": "192.168.1.5/25",
  "fixed-cidr-v6": "2001:db8::/64",
  "mtu": 1500,
  "default-gateway": "10.20.1.1",
  "default-gateway-v6": "2001:db8:abcd::89",
  "dns": ["10.20.1.2","10.20.1.3"]
}
#这里需要注意，除了最后一行，前面的任何一行都要在结尾加上","，不然就会报错

docker创建自定义桥

创建一个额外的自定义桥，区别于docker0

[root@localhost ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
aa3e6cfeef52   bridge    bridge    local
ec02e10c370a   host      host      local
1d5cc4a5d4ec   none      null      local
[root@localhost ~]# docker network create -d bridge --subnet "192.168.1.0/24" --gateway "192.168.1.1" br0
f671537f3dff5be7988d203fc1cd1e5d0c20ce64cda3816493beb0523aa9c381
[root@localhost ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
f671537f3dff   br0       bridge    local
aa3e6cfeef52   bridge    bridge    local
ec02e10c370a   host      host      local
1d5cc4a5d4ec   none      null      local
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
4: br-f671537f3dff: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default 
    link/ether 02:42:a5:89:67:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.1/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global br-f671537f3dff
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

使用新创建的自定义桥来创建容器：

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --network br0 busybox
/ # ifconfig 
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:C0:A8:01:02  
          inet addr:192.168.1.2  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:1032 (1.0 KiB)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

再创建一个容器，使用默认的bridge桥：

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t2 --rm busybox
/ # ifconfig 
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:02  
          inet addr:172.17.0.2  Bcast:172.17.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:1032 (1.0 KiB)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

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docker四种网络配置

bridge模式配置[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --rm busybox /bin/sh/ # ifconfigeth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:02 inet addr:172.17.0.2 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULT
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