0基础学习python---random库（一）

0基础学习python---random库（一）

Random库简介

random库是一个支持随机选择的库，可以通过它进行一些随机性的选择。

1. random.random()

随机在0~1之间生成一个浮点数

import random
print(random.random())
#结果: 0.4501993124012523

2. random.uniform()

random.random() 的进阶版本，（）里面要填有两个数，一个作为下限，一个作为上限，顺序无所谓，既可以random.uniform(10,30)，也可以random.uniform(30,10)

import random
random.uniform(10,30)
#结果：23.96359440788164
random.uniform(30,10)
#结果：18.73889482783945

3. random.randint()---我个人最喜欢的

random.randint()，类似于random.uniform的一部分，（）里面还是要有两个数，不过小的数只能在前面，大的数只能在后面。random.randint(10,30)是被允许的，random.randint(30,10)则会报错。注：randint函数可以取到左右两边的数，而与其相似的randrange就只能取到左边的数。

import random
random.randint(10,30)
#结果：24
random.randint(30,10)
#报错：
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#5>", line 1, in <module>
    random.randint(30,10)
    raise ValueError("empty range for randrange() (%d, %d, %d)" % (istart, istop, width))
ValueError: empty range for randrange() (30, 11, -19)

import random
a = []
for i in range(1,100):
    
    a.append(random.randint(9,20))
    
b = []
for i in range(1,100):
    
    b.append(random.randrange(9,20))

print(a)
print(b)
#结果：
[17, 14, 18, 12, 17, 16, 10, 20, 9, 13, 16, 10, 14, 13, 16, 11, 11, 18, 16, 15, 18, 10, 11, 15, 15, 20, 12, 17, 9, 15, 14, 12, 12, 11, 16, 14, 19, 12, 12, 16, 16, 11, 19, 13, 18, 12, 12, 17, 12, 12, 19, 9, 12, 16, 15, 12, 12, 15, 17, 16, 19, 9, 9, 19, 9, 10, 14, 20, 9, 17, 13, 15, 19, 14, 19, 11, 16, 15, 15, 17, 9, 13, 10, 19, 17, 20, 19, 10, 18, 12, 16, 15, 12, 14, 10, 18, 17, 9, 9]
[13, 15, 10, 11, 15, 16, 11, 9, 15, 17, 9, 18, 15, 10, 16, 15, 16, 13, 15, 11, 9, 14, 15, 14, 12, 10, 13, 16, 19, 13, 19, 11, 12, 16, 17, 12, 18, 13, 10, 19, 9, 9, 10, 10, 18, 18, 9, 9, 14, 12, 17, 19, 19, 16, 12, 13, 16, 11, 10, 15, 19, 10, 12, 11, 17, 9, 17, 19, 17, 12, 12, 12, 12, 10, 9, 11, 17, 18, 19, 14, 15, 13, 19, 12, 14, 10, 17, 9, 9, 19, 9, 15, 19, 13, 13, 17, 17, 13, 12]