一、查库
##1)库:一个库就是一个excell文档,库里含有表,一个表就是一个excell的sheet.
##2)查看数据库实例中有哪些库
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema | #系统运行状态,性能等的库。
| mysql | #授权权限、用户管理的库
| performance_schema | #系统运行状态,性能等的库。
| test | #临时库
##3)查看有含有te字符串的库
MariaDB [mysql]> show databases like '%te%';
+-----------------+
| Database (%te%) |
+-----------------+
| test |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
use test;
#方法1:直接看提示符MariaDB [test]>
#方法2:select database();
二、删库
##库名用小写,命令不分大小写,推荐小写。
drop database test;
三、建库
##默认建库
create database oldboy;
show databases;
四、查看建库SQL语句
MariaDB [mysql]> show create database oldboy;
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| oldboy | CREATE DATABASE `oldboy` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */ |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
说明:可以看到库的字符集已经被默认指定latin1。
+
--------------------
+
##
字符集介绍:简单说就是一个
[
密码本
]
:
企业工作字符集
:
utf8,gbk,
当下最主流就是
utf8mb4
(
8.0
默认的字符集)
##
指定字符集建库:
语法:
CREATE DATABASE
数据库名字
CHARACTER SET
字符集
COLLATE
校队规则
;
##
高版本数据库,直接
CREATE DATABASE
数据库名字
;
即可。
五、 改库
##修改oldboy数据库字符集为utf8mb4:
alter database oldboy character set utf8mb4;
show create database oldboy;
#查看数据库字符集
MariaDB [(none)]> show charset;
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| 字符集 | 描述 |校对规则 | Maxlen |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 |
| utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 | ##推荐
| utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 | ##新的
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
39 rows in set (0.00 sec)
##查看建库语句
MariaDB [(none)]> show create database oldgirl;
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------
##指定字符集建oldgirl库(注意字符集和校对规则查上表)
MariaDB [(none)]> create database oldgirl character set utf8 collate
utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
+
| Database | Create Database |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| oldgirl | CREATE DATABASE `oldgirl` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */
|##utf8
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
##再查看oldboy建库语句
MariaDB [(none)]> show create database oldboy;
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| oldboy | CREATE DATABASE `oldboy` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |#已
##将oldboy库的字符集改为utf8
MariaDB [(none)]> alter database oldboy character set utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec
##查看oldboy建库语句
MariaDB [(none)]> show create database oldboy;
+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| oldboy | CREATE DATABASE
`oldboy` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */
|##latin1
+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set
(0.00 sec)
)
改+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)