16-树-路径总和 II

这是树的第16篇算法，力扣链接。

给你二叉树的根节点 root 和一个整数目标和 targetSum ，找出所有 从根节点到叶子节点 路径总和等于给定目标和的路径。

叶子节点 是指没有子节点的节点。

示例 1：

输入：root = [5,4,8,11,null,13,4,7,2,null,null,5,1], targetSum = 22
输出：[[5,4,11,2],[5,8,4,5]]

比较上一节返回布尔值就可以了，这回可能复杂一点，我们需要额外存储路径信息，不过其实还好，我们增加一个空间来存储每次遍历的路径就好。

func pathSum(root *TreeNode, targetSum int) [][]int {
	if root == nil {
		return nil
	}

	var result [][]int
	stack := []*TreeNode{root}
	sumStack := []int{root.Val}
	paths := [][]int{{root.Val}}

	for len(stack) > 0 {
		node := stack[len(stack)-1]
		stack = stack[:len(stack)-1]
		currentSum := sumStack[len(sumStack)-1]
		sumStack = sumStack[:len(sumStack)-1]
		path := paths[len(paths)-1]
		paths = paths[:len(paths)-1]

		if node.Left == nil && node.Right == nil && currentSum == targetSum {
			result = append(result, append([]int{}, path...))
		}
		if node.Left != nil {
			stack = append(stack, node.Left)
			sumStack = append(sumStack, currentSum+node.Left.Val)
			newPath := append([]int{}, path...)
			newPath = append(newPath, node.Left.Val)
			paths = append(paths, newPath)
		}
		if node.Right != nil {
			stack = append(stack, node.Right)
			sumStack = append(sumStack, currentSum+node.Right.Val)
			newPath := append([]int{}, path...)
			newPath = append(newPath, node.Right.Val)
			paths = append(paths, newPath)
		}
	}
	return result
}

这里可以尝试递归来解决问题：

func pathSum(root *TreeNode, targetSum int) [][]int {
	var result [][]int
	var path []int
	findPaths(root, targetSum, path, &result)
	return result
}

func findPaths(node *TreeNode, sum int, path []int, result *[][]int) {
	if node == nil {
		return
	}
	path = append(path, node.Val)

	if node.Left == nil && node.Right == nil && node.Val == sum {
		*result = append(*result, append([]int(nil), path...))
	} else {
		findPaths(node.Left, sum-node.Val, path, result)
		findPaths(node.Right, sum-node.Val, path, result)
	}
	// path = path[:len(path)-1] // 这行代码是多余的，因为每次递归都会复制path
}

广度优先算法和深度优先算法逻辑一样，只不过取出数据的顺序不同：

func pathSum(root *TreeNode, targetSum int) [][]int {
	var result [][]int
	if root == nil {
		return result
	}
	queue := []*TreeNode{root}
	paths := [][]int{{root.Val}}
	sums := []int{root.Val}
	for len(queue) > 0 {
		node := queue[0]
		queue = queue[1:]
		path := paths[0]
		paths = paths[1:]
		sum := sums[0]
		sums = sums[1:]
		if node.Left == nil && node.Right == nil && sum == targetSum {
			result = append(result, append([]int{}, path...))
		}
		if node.Left != nil {
			queue = append(queue, node.Left)
			sums = append(sums, sum+node.Left.Val)
			newPath := append([]int{}, path...)
			newPath = append(newPath, node.Left.Val)
			paths = append(paths, newPath)
		}
		if node.Right != nil {
			queue = append(queue, node.Right)
			sums = append(sums, sum+node.Right.Val)
			newPath := append([]int{}, path...)
			newPath = append(newPath, node.Right.Val)
			paths = append(paths, newPath)
		}
	}
	return result
}