golang学习之go单元测试(一)

1、功能测试

1、阶乘go代码实现。factorial.go

package factorial

func factorial(n int) int {
	if n == 0 {
		return 1
	}
	if n == 1 {
		return 1
	}
	return n * factorial(n-1)
}

2、功能测试代码，go测试文件以 _test.go结尾，测试函数以Test开头且Test后面跟大写字母或数子。factorial_test.go

package factorial

import "testing"

func TestFactorial(t *testing.T) {
	if factorial(0) != 1 {
		t.Error(`factorial(0) != 1`)
	}

	if factorial(1) != 1 {
		t.Error(`factorial(1) != 1`)
	}

	if factorial(10) != 3628800 {
		t.Error(`factorial(10) != 3628800`)
	}
}

3、进入到factorial目录，执行 go test 命令

go test
PASS
ok      fa.com/wms/test/factorial        0.207s

4、单元测试覆盖率

go test -cover
PASS
coverage: 100.0% of statements
ok      fa.com/ms/test/factorial        0.195s

2、性能测试

1、性能测试函数以Benchmark开头。

func BenchmarkFactorial(b *testing.B) {
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		factorial(50)
	}
}

2、执行测试函数，结果如下：执行次数13175143，耗时84.47 ns/op，内存消耗0 B/op。性能测试默认测试最小时间1秒。 可以使用-benchtime设置最小执行时间。

go test -bench="." -benchmem
goos: windows
goarch: amd64
pkg: fa.com/ms/test/factorial
cpu: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8565U CPU @ 1.80GHz
BenchmarkFactorial-8    13222440                84.99 ns/op            0 B/op         0 allocs/op
PASS
ok      fa.com/ms/test/factorial        1.430s

3、性能分析分析工具 go tool pprof与系统性能统计函数pprof.StartCPUProfile( ) pprof.StopCPUProfile()，代码示例如下：

package main

import (
	"log"
	"os"
	"runtime/pprof"

	"fa.com/ms/test/factorial"
)

func main() {
	c, err := os.Create("D:/cpu_profile.prof")
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer c.Close()

	m, err := os.Create("D:/mem_profile.prof")
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer m.Close()
	
	// 开始cpu信息采集，并把采集信息写入D:/cpu_profile.prof
	pprof.StartCPUProfile(c)
	defer pprof.StopCPUProfile()

	// 需要分析的功能函数
	i := factorial.Factorial(5)
	println(i)
	
	// 堆内存分析 写入D:/mem_profile.prof
	pprof.Lookup("heap").WriteTo(m, 0)
}

D:/cpu_profile.prof、D:/mem_profile.prof为二进制文件不能直接打开。
需要使用命令打开 go tool pprof D:\cpu_profile.prof：

Type: cpu
Time: Oct 5, 2022 at 9:52am (CST)
Duration: 209.92ms, Total samples = 0
No samples were found with the default sample value type.
Try "sample_index" command to analyze different sample values.
Entering interactive mode (type "help" for commands, "o" for options)
(pprof)

继续输入 top命令：

(pprof) top
Showing nodes accounting for 0, 0% of 0 total
      flat  flat%   sum%        cum   cum%

使用命令打开 go tool pprof D:\cpu_profile.prof

o tool pprof  D:\mem_profile.prof
Type: inuse_space
Time: Oct 5, 2022 at 9:52am (CST)
Entering interactive mode (type "help" for commands, "o" for options)
(pprof)

继续输入命令：list main.main

(pprof) list main.main
Total: 2.72MB
ROUTINE ======================== main.main in D:\workspace\main.go
         0     1.72MB (flat, cum) 63.24% of Total
         .          .     19:   if err != nil {
         .          .     20:           log.Fatal(err)
         .          .     21:   }
         .          .     22:   defer m.Close()
         .          .     23:
         .     1.72MB     24:   pprof.StartCPUProfile(c)
         .          .     25:   defer pprof.StopCPUProfile()
         .          .     26:
         .          .     27:   i := factorial.Factorial(5)
         .          .     28:   println(i)
         .          .     29:
(pprof)

更多命令可使用 go tool pprof -help 查看

3、示例测试

示例测试是对文档中的示例代码的测试。示例测试函数以Example开头。

package factorial

import (
	"fmt"
)

func ExampleFactorial() {
	fmt.Println(Factorial(5))
	// Output:
	// 120
}