postgress表之间连接

表之间连接：
自连接；
外连接；
左连接；
右连接；
全外连接

1、一个表和自己连接起来。这叫做自连接。

SELECT W1.city, W1.temp_lo AS low, W1.temp_hi AS high,
    W2.city, W2.temp_lo AS low, W2.temp_hi AS high
    FROM weather W1, weather W2
    WHERE W1.temp_lo < W2.temp_lo
    AND W1.temp_hi > W2.temp_hi;

     city      | low | high |     city      | low | high
---------------+-----+------+---------------+-----+------
 San Francisco |  43 |   57 | San Francisco |  46 |   50
 Hayward       |  37 |   54 | San Francisco |  46 |   50
(2 rows)

2、左连接： 因为在连接操作符左部的表中的行在输出中至少要出现一次， 而在右部的表的行只有在能找到匹配的左部表行时才被输出。 如果输出的左部表的行没有对应匹配的右部表的行，那么右部表行的列将填充空值（null）。

SELECT *
    FROM weather LEFT OUTER JOIN cities ON (weather.city = cities.name);

     city      | temp_lo | temp_hi | prcp |    date    |     name      | location
---------------+---------+---------+------+------------+---------------+-----------
 Hayward       |      37 |      54 |      | 1994-11-29 |               |
 San Francisco |      46 |      50 | 0.25 | 1994-11-27 | San Francisco | (-194,53)
 San Francisco |      43 |      57 |    0 | 1994-11-29 | San Francisco | (-194,53)
(3 rows)

3、INNER JOIN

SELECT *
    FROM weather INNER JOIN cities ON (weather.city = cities.name);
相等于
SELECT weather.city, weather.temp_lo, weather.temp_hi,
       weather.prcp, weather.date, cities.location
    FROM weather, cities
    WHERE cities.name = weather.city;