Nginx网页服务搭建

概述

Nginx（engine x）是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理Web服务器，同时也提供了IMAP/POP3/SMTP服务。

其将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布，具有稳定性、丰富的功能集、简单的配置文件和低系统资源的消耗。

Nginx是一款轻量级的Web服务器反向代理服务器及电子邮件代理服务器，在BSD-like协议下发行。其特点是占有内存少，并发能力强，事实上nginx的并发能力在同类型的网页服务器中表现较好，中国大陆使用nginx网站用户有：百度、京东、新浪、网易、腾讯、淘宝等。

特点优点

1）可以高并发连接
2）内存消耗少
3）成本低廉
4）配置文件非常简单
5）支持Rewrite重写
6）内置的健康检查功能
7）节省带宽
8）稳定性高
9）支持热部署

手工编译安装Nginx

// 
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ pcre-devel zlib-devel make
安装编译安装包，开发包，工具
 
把Nginx-1.12.2压缩包拉进来解压;

// 
[root@localhost opt]# ls
nginx-1.12.2  nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz  rh
[root@localhost opt]# cd nginx-1.12.2
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \  ##安装路径
--user=nginx \ ##指定用户管理
--group=nginx \  ##指定一个组
 --with-http_stub_status_moduleuser=nginx --group=nginx  --with-http_stub_status_mod ##开启状态统计模块
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# make && make install

// 
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/  ##创建软连接
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin  nginx  ##创建一个不指定家目录的用户
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# nginx ##启动
;

添加Nginx系统服务

// 
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# vim  /etc/init.d/nginx
#!/bin/bash
#chkconfig: - 99 20  ##“-”表示不启用开机启动管理 加“#”是为了chkconfig add nginx 会加载到配置
#description: Nginx Service Control Script
COM="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
case "$1" in
start)
    $COM
	;;
stop)
    kill -s  QUIT $(cat $PID)
	;;
restart)
    $0 stop
	$0 start
	;;
reload)
    kill -s HUP $(cat $PID)
	;;
*)
    echo  "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload}"
	exit 1
esac
exit 0;
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx  ##提权
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# chkconfig  --add nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# systemctl stop nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# systemctl  start nginx

Nginx配置文件

// 
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# cp /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.bak  ##备份一下
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# vim  /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
;

映射本地

通过虚拟机浏览器访问域名www.wk.com

访问状态统计

//
 [root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V  ##查看已安装的Nginx是否包含http_stub_status_module
nginx version: nginx/1.12.2
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC) 
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@localhost conf]# cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
cp：是否覆盖"nginx.conf.bak"？ y
[root@localhost conf]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf;

[root@localhost conf]# systemctl restart nginx.service
浏览器访问 192.168.142.131/status 或 www.wk.com/status

访问控制

设置加密密码
下载生成用户密码认证文件

// 
[root@localhost conf]# yum install -y  httpd-tools
已安装:
  httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-97.el7.centos                                                                            

完毕！
[root@localhost conf]# htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/passwd.db  wangkang
New password: ##密码
Re-type new password:   ##再次输入 
Adding password for user wangkang
[root@localhost conf]# chown nginx  /usr/local/nginx/passwd.db  ##添加nginx管理
[root@localhost conf]# chmod 400 /usr/local/nginx/passwd.db  ##设置400权限

修改主配置文件相对应目录，添加认证配置项
[root@localhost conf]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

// 
[root@localhost conf]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost conf]# systemctl restart nginx
;

浏览器访问 www.wk.com

基于客户端访问控制

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

重启Nginx前可以访问

//
 [root@localhost conf]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost conf]# systemctl restart nginx;

重启Nginx后，不可以访问

其她ip正常访问139.168.142.131

虚拟主机

基于域名访问

//
 [root@localhost conf]# vim /etc/hosts;

新建虚拟站点网页文档

//
 [root@localhost conf]# mkdir -p  /var/www/html/123
[root@localhost conf]# mkdir -p  /var/www/html/qwe
[root@localhost conf]# cd /var/www/html/123
[root@localhost 123]# vim index.html
[root@localhost 123]# cd ../qwe
[root@localhost qwe]# vim index.html

修改主配置文件

// 
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf;

// 
[root@localhost qwe]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost qwe]# systemctl restart nginx

基于端口的虚拟机

创建8080的目录

// 
[root@localhost html]# mkdir  1238080
[root@localhost html]# ls
123  1238080  qwe
[root@localhost html]# vim index.html
写入 <h1>www.1238080.com</h1>

进入主配置文件

// 

[root@localhost html]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@localhost conf]# ls
fastcgi.conf            nginx.conf
[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf

// 
[root@localhost conf]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost conf]# systemctl restart nginx

基于不同IP访问

创建网站根目录

// 
[root@localhost 1238080]# mkdir /var/www/html/qwe100
[root@localhost 1238080]# cd ../qwe100
[root@localhost qwe100]# vim index.html

进入域名解析,删除之前同域名映射

//
 [root@localhost qwe100]# vim /etc/hosts

// 
[root@localhost qwe100]# ifconfig ens33:0 192.168.142.100 netmask 255.255.255.0   ##新建虚拟IP
[root@localhost qwe100]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

// 
[root@localhost qwe100]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost qwe100]# systemctl restart nginx